Topical Vocabulary

a constitutional monarchy конституционная монархия

the Queen королева

Head of State глава государства

the legislative power законодательная власть

to be exercised by осуществляется (чем-либо)

the Houses of Parliament парламент

the House of Lords палата лордов

the House of Commons палата общин

to be composed of smbd. состоять из кого-либо

hereditary and life peers наследственные и пожизненные лорды, пэры

a peeress пэресса

to be elected by the people избираться народом

to be elected from a constituency избираться от избирательного округа

the real governing body реальный правящий орган

the executive power исполнительная власть
Prime Minister премьер-министр

the Cabinet кабинет

the majority party leader лидер партии большинства

to be appointed by назначаться (кем-либо)

to choose a team of ministers создавать команду министров

the Shadow Cabinet теневой кабинет

the judiciary branch of the судебная власть

government

to determine common law определять гражданское право

to be independent of smth. не зависеть от чего-либо

a written constitution «письменная» конституция
a precedent прецедент

Answer the questions:

1. What does the term «constitutional monarchy» mean?

2. What body (орган) exercises the legislative power in the country?

3. How are the chambers of the Parliament composed?

4. What body exercises the executive power?

5. How is the executive branch of the government formed?

6. What is the official opposition?

7. What does the judiciary branch of the government do?

8. Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain?

Translate into English:

1. Термин «конституционная монархия» означает, что Великобритания управляется парламентом, а главой государства является королева.

2. Законодательная власть принадлежит парламенту, состоящему из двух палат.

3. Члены палаты общин, реального органа управления страной, из­бираются народом.

4. Премьер-министр назначается королевой и сам назначает кабинет.

5. Исполнительная власть в стране осуществляется премьер-мини­стром и его кабинетом.

6. Партия, имеющая большинство в палате общин, формирует пра­вительство.

7. Члены палаты общин избираются от округов в Англии, Шотлан­дии, Уэльсе и Северной Ирландии.

8. Официальная оппозиция формирует свой теневой кабинет.

9.Судебная власть определяет гражданское право.

10.В Англии вместо письменной конституции существуют преце­денты и традиции.

Lesson 31 – 33

LONDON

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its pop­ulation is about 8 million.

London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than 20 centuries old history. Tra­ditionally it is divided into several parts, the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other.

The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here. Few people live in the City but over a
million come to work here. There are two places of inter­est in the City: St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London. St. Paul's Cathedral was built in the l7 century by the architect Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was built in the 15 century. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it's a museum.

Westminster is the aristocratic official part of Lon­don. There are Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament along the north bank of the Thames.

The clock tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell known as «Big Ben». Westminster Abbey is the place where the coronation of nearly all kings and queens had taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there. There are many tour­ists there from different countries of the world.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of Lon­don; it was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories there. The region is densely populat­ed by working class families.

Words

capital — столица

numerous — многочисленный

palace — дворец

fortress — крепость

cathedral — собор

prison — тюрьма

clock tower — колокольня

monument — памятник

memory — память

residence — резиденция

official — официальный

densely — плотно

populated — населено