2015-08-21
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| СОЧЕТАНИЯ | ЗВУКИ | ПОЗИЦИЯ | ПРИМЕРЫ |
| ai, ay, ei, ey | [ei] | Под ударением | rain [rein], grey [grei] |
| ai, ay ei, ey | [i] | В безударном положении | Sunday [`sʌndi] money [mʌni] |
| ai | [eə ] | перед “r” | air [eə] |
| au | [o:] | author [`o:θə] | |
| ea, ee | [i:] | не перед “r” | meal [mi:l], feel [fi:l] |
| ea (+r), ee(+r), | [iə] | перед “r” | dear [diə],deer [diə] |
| ea | [e] [ei] [ɜ:] | перед “d”, “th” перед “k”, “t” перед “r”+согл. | bread [bred] weather [`weðə] break [breik], great [greit] earth [ɜ:θ] |
| eu | [ju] [juə] | перед “r” | euphemism [`ju:fəmizm] Europe [`juərəp] |
| ie | [i:] | field [fi:ld], но: “friend” [frend] | |
| oa | [ou] [o:] | перед “r” | boat [bout] board [bo:d] |
| oi, oy | [oi] | spoil [spoil], joy [dӡoi] | |
| oo | [u:] [uə] | не перед “r”, “k” перед “k” перед “r” | moon [mu:n], tool [tu:l] book [buk], look [luk] poor [puə] |
| ou | [au] [o:][auə | в середине слова перед “r” | ground [graund] four [fo:] или hour [`auə] |
ЧТЕНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ГЛАСНЫХ ПЕРЕД СОЧЕТАНИЯМИ СОГЛАСНЫХ
Буква “a” читается как:
· [o:] перед сочетанием “l”+ согласная: salt [so:lt] wall [wo:l]
(перед “k”+ согласная “l” не читается) chalk [t∫o:k]
· [ɑ:] перед “f”, “n”, “s”, “t”+ согласная
staff [stɑ:f], dance [dɑ:ns], past [pɑ:st], path [pɑ:θ]
· [ɑ:] перед “lm”, “lf”,где согласная “l” не читается: half [hɑ:f]
Буква “i” читается как: [ai] перед “ld’, “nd’: mild [maild], kind [kaind]
Буква “o” читается как:
· [ou] “ld”, “lt”, “st”: old [ould], bolt [boult], post [poust]
· [ʌ] перед “m”, “n”, “th”, “v”: come [cʌm] month [mʌn]
another [ənʌðə], glove [glʌv]
· [ou] в конце слова: potato [pəteitou] hero [`hiərou]
“ough”, “augh” читаются как [o:]: thought [θo:t],daughter [`do:tə]
“igh” читается как [ai]: high [hai], fight [fait]
ЧТЕНИЕ СОЧЕТАНИЙ ГЛАСНОЙ С СОГЛАСНОЙ
| СОЧЕТАНИЯ | ЗВУКИ | ПОЗИЦИЯ | ПРИМЕРЫ |
| aw | [o:] | paw [po:], law [lo:] | |
| ew | [ju:] [u:] | после“r”,“l”,”ch” “j” | new [nju:] chew [t∫u:] jewel [dӡu:əl] |
| ow | [au] [ou] | В середине В конце слова и безударное | brown [braun] show [∫ou] window [`windou] |
| qu | [kw] | quick [kwik] | |
| qua | [kwo] [kwo:] | Перед “r” | quantity [`kwontiti] quarter [`kwo:tə] |
| wa | [wo] [wo:] | Перед “r”, “l” | want [wont] war [wo:(r)] walk [wo:k] |
| wo | [wɜ:] | Перед “r” | world [wɜ:ld |
ПРАВИЛА ЧТЕНИЯ СОГЛАСНЫХ БУКВ И БУКВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ
· Согласные иногда не читаются: know [nou], who [hu], hour [auə]
· Конечные звонкие согласные не оглушаются: read [ri:d]
· Удвоенные согласные читаются как один звук: letter [`betə]
ЧТЕНИЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ СОГЛАСНЫХ БУКВ И СОЧЕТАНИЙ
| звуки | примечания | примеры | |
| C | [s] [k] | Перед “e”, “i”, “y” Перед “a”, “o”, “u” | center [`sentə] cinema [`sinimə] cat [kæt] cod [kod] cut [kʌt] |
| G | [dʒ] [g] [ʒ] | Перед “e”, “i”, “y” Перед “a”, “o”, “u” Перед согласными В нек. словах из фр..яз | gem [dʒem] gist [dʒist] gym [dʒim] garden [`gɑ:dn] green [grin] garage [`gərɑ:ӡ] |
| S | [s] [z] [ʒ] | 1. Между двумя гласными 2. После звонких согласных 3. В суффиксе -ism Перед -ure | strong [stroŋ] rose [rəʊz] balls [`bɔ:lz] reads [ri:dz] socialism [`sou∫əlizəm] pleasure [`pleʒə] |
| X | [ks] [gz] [z] | Перед согл. и в конце Между двумя гласными В начале перед гласной | box [boks] excuse [`iks`kju:z] example [ig`zɑ:mpl] exam [ig`zæm] Xerox [`ziəroks] |
| Ck | [k] | clock [klok] back [pæk] | |
| (t)ch, | [t∫] [k]] | В словах из греч.яз. | check [t∫ek] match [mæt∫] school [`sku:l], character [`kæriktə], chemistry [`kemistri], |
| sh | [ʃ] | short [ʃo:t] shut [ʃʌt] | |
| th | [θ] [ð] | В глаголах и существительных В артиклях и местоимениях | thing [θiŋ] throw [θrəʊ] the [ðə] [ði] that [ðæt] |
| ng | [ŋ] [ŋg] | В середине слова | sing [siŋ] meeting [ˈmi:tiŋ] language [`læŋgwidʒ] |
| nk | [ŋk] | bank [bæŋk] think [θiŋk] | |
| gh | [f] [-] | Не читается в конце слова и перед “t” | enough [iˈnʌf] cough [kof] high [hai] fight [fait] |
| wh | [w] [h] | Перед “o” | when [wen] white [wait] who [hu:] whole [houl] |
| ph | [f] | philosophy [fiˈlosəfi] |
НЕМЫЕ СОГЛАСНЫЕ БУКВЫ
· Буквы “g”, “k” не читаются перед “n” в начале и в конце слова:
knee [ni:] foreign [`forin]
· Буквы “b”, “n” не читаются после “m” в конце слова:
bomb [bom] autumn [`o:təm]
· Буква “p” не читается в сочетаниях “pn”, “ps”в словах, заимствованных из греческого языка:
psychology [sai`kolədʒi], pneumatic [nju:`mǽtik]
· Буква “w” не читается перед “r” write [rait] wrong [roŋ]
Примечание 4. Наряду с этими правилами существует немало исключений. Поэтому всегда проверяйте чтение незнакомых слов по словарю.
Common Phrases Общие фразы
| How do you do? | |
| Hello (Hi) | |
| How are you? | |
| I am fine | |
| Meet my friend | |
| Glad to meet you | |
| What are you? (I am a student) | |
| Who are you? | |
| What is your name? (my name is …) | |
| What`s his (her) name? | |
| I am sorry (Sorry) | |
| Excuse me please | |
| Give me … please | |
| Take it please | |
| Here you are | |
| Thank you | |
| Not at all | |
| You are welcome | |
| Good morning | |
| Good afternoon | |
| Good evening | |
| Good-bye | |
| See you soon. |
| The bag is on the chair | |
| There is a bag on the chair |
| How do you do? | How do you do? |
| How are you? | I am fine. And you? |
| I am fine too | Good-bye |
| Good-bye. See you soon. | Bye bye |
| How do you do? | How do you do? |
| How are you? | I am fine. And you? |
| I am fine too | Good-bye |
| Good-bye. See you soon. | Bye bye |
| How do you do? | How do you do? |
| How are you? | I am fine. And you? |
| I am fine too | Good-bye |
| Good-bye. See you soon. | Bye bye |
| Meet my friend | |
| Glad to meet you | |
| What are you? (I am a student) | |
| Who are you? | |
| What is your name? (my name is …) | |
| What`s his (her) name? | |
| I am sorry (Sorry) | |
| Excuse me please | |
| Give me … please | |
| Take it please | |
| Here you are | |
| Thank you | |
| Not at all | |
| You are welcome | |
| Good morning | |
| Good afternoon | |
| Good evening | |
| Good-bye | |
| See you soon. |
Holidays. Congratulations Праздники. Поздравления
| holiday holy | праздник святой |
| birthday; wedding day | день рождения; день свадьбы |
| congratulate (on…); congratulation | поздравлять (c…); поздравление |
| Congratulations! | Поздравляю вас! |
| (I wish you a happy) holiday! | (Поздравляю) с праздником! |
| Merry Christmas! | С Рождеством |
| Happy New Year! | С Новым годом! |
| Happy Birthday! | (Поздравляю вас) с днём рождения |
| Many Happy Returns of the Day! | (Поздравляю вас) с днём рождения |
| anniversary | годовщина |
| anniversary celebration | юбилей |
| Victory Day | День Победы |
| International Women’s Day | Международный женский день |
| Easter Ramadan (Ramazan) | Пасха Рамазан |
| I wish you happiness (good luck) | Желаю вам счастья (удачи) |
| health; success; a long life | здоровье; успех; долгих лет жизни |
| best wishes | наилучшие пожелания |
| all the best | всё самое хорошее |
| with all my heart | от всего сердца, от всей души |
| respected with respect | уважаемый с уважением |
| dear friend with love | дорогой друг с любовью |
| Same to you! You too! | Вас также! Вам того же! |
Classroom English (Minimum )
| Hello everybody | |
| Sit down please | |
| Who is on duty today? | |
| Who is the monitor? | |
| Where is the register? | |
| Who is absent today? Who is away? | |
| call the roll | |
| attend classes | |
| Why did you miss the last lesson? | |
| I was ill. I overslept | |
| I am sorry I am late | |
| May I come in? May I go out? | |
| What year student are you? | |
| I am a first-year student | |
| Open your books at page 10 | |
| I left my book at home | |
| Read the text on page 10 | |
| Begin reading Stop reading | |
| Say it again Say it after me | |
| Ask (put) a question | |
| Repeat your question, please | |
| Translate the sentence | |
| Spell this word | |
| What is the English for… | |
| What is the Russian for… | |
| Write down the new words | |
| Learn the new words | |
| Review the words of Lesson Ten | |
| Take a sheet of paper | |
| I am going to check your homework. | |
| I am sorry I haven’t done my homework | |
| If you don’t study hard you’ll fail the exam | |
| Come to the blackboard (whiteboard) | |
| Go to your place | |
| You may have a break. | |
| The lesson is over. | |
| BE mark sheet; AE school grade report | ведомость |
| student's record book / credit book | зачетка |
| BE mark AE grade | оценка, отметка |
| take (pass, fail) an exam | сдавать (сдать, не сдать) экзамен |
