Distinguish between internal and external validity. What are the implication of external validity in international marketers?

Internal Validity is the approximate truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationships. Thus, internal validity is only relevant in studies that try to establish a causal relationship. It's not relevant in most observational or descriptive studies, for instance. External validity is related to generalizing. That's the major thing you need to keep in mind. Recall that validity refers to the approximate truth of propositions, inferences, or conclusions. So, external validity refers to the approximate truth of conclusions the involve generalizations. Put in more pedestrian terms, external validity is the degree to which the conclusions in your study would hold for other persons in other places and at other times.

Internal validity has to do with the accuracy of the results. Results could be inaccurate if samples are not selected randomly. External validity has to do with the generalizability of the findings to the population. If the sample selected is only Hispanics under the age of 25, then it would be hard to generalize the results to the entire US population.

Discuss about Tokyo as a good test market for new brand.

Marketing research in Saudi Arabia, what problem would you expect in obtaining primary data.

Кратко по-русски: страна Мусульманская, у женщин нет прав вообще, основное государство ОПЕК, много нефти, все строго. Информацию не получить)

10. Do demographic variables have universal meaning? Is there a chance that they may be interpreted differently in different country.

Demographic variables means dividing the market into specific groups according to age, gender, family size, income, occupation, religion, education, nationality or race. This is among the most popular basis for segmenting customer groups mainly because it is the easiest, most measurable and most widely used segmentation method. As a person gets older, his or her needs and wants change as well. As for gender, the best examples include clothing, hairdressing, toiletries, cosmetics and reading materials. On the other hand, businesses have different marketing strategies for affluent and low income consumers. This is manifested in products and services such as cars, clothes, home furnishings, leisure activities to name a few.