2015-08-21
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One of the most debatable points in semasiology is the demarcation line between homonymy and polysemy, i.e. between different meanings of one word and the meanings of two or more homonymous words.
Different criteria can be applied to distinguish a homonym from a polysemantic word:
1. Semantic criterion. If a connection between various meanings is apprehended by the speaker, they are to be considered as making up the semantic structure of a polysemantic word, otherwise it is a case of homonymy.
2. The criterion of distribution. It is helpful in cases of lexico-grammatical homonyms (e.g. the homonymic pair paper n. – paper v.) but it fails in case of lexical polysemy.
3. The criterion of spelling. Homonyms differing in graphic forms such as flower – flour are easily perceived to be two different lexical units.
Paronyms
Paronyms are words that are alike in form, but different in meaning and usage. They are liable to be mixed and sometimes mistakenly interchanged. Paronymy is partial similarity of word sound forms; the roots are identical but the affixes are different. The term paronym comes from the Greek para "beside" and onoma "name“,
e.g. precede proceed
preposition proposition
popular populous
grateful gracious
ONOMASIOLOGY
9.1 Onomasiology: definition
9.2 Synonyms: 9.2a definition;
9.2b synonymic dominant;
9.2c classification of synonyms. Vinogradov’s classification;
9.2d according to the criterion of interchangebility;
9.2e difference in connotation classification;
9.2f difference in denotational and connotational component;
9.3 Sources of synonymy.
9.4 Antonyms:
(4a) Types of Antonyms.
9.5 Partonymy.
9.6 Hyponymy.
9.7 Lexical Semantic Fields.
Onomasiology: definition
Onomasiology is the branch of semantics that studies meaning in the direction from the concept to the linguistic form that evokes this concept.
Onomasiological studies of the words explore the word groups grounded on the meaning. They demonstrate the relations of synonymy, antonymy, partonymy and hyponymy.
