2015-08-21
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/ try hard, but I can never remember people s names
However hard I try I can never remember people s names
Hard is an adverb, however hard I try is an adverbial (or adverb)
clause it is telling us something about (or 'modifying') can never
remember Adverbs can often be identified by asking and answering
the questions When? Where? How? Why?, etc [> 7.2] and adverbial
clauses can be identified in the same way
time Tell him as soon as he arrives (When?)
place You can sit where you like (Where?)
manner He spoke as if he meant business (How?)
reason He went to bed because he felt ill (Why?)
Adverbial clauses of time
Conjunctions in adverbial clauses of time
These clauses broadly answer the question When? and can be introduced by the following conjunctions when after as as long as as soon as before by the time (that) directly during the time (that) immediately the moment (that) now (that) once since until/till whenever, and while We generally use a comma when the adverbial clause comes first
You didn t look very well when you got up this morning
After she got married Madeleine changed completely
I pulled a muscle as I was lifting a heavy suitcase
You can keep these records as long as you like [compare as lono
as in conditional sentences > 14.21]
Once you've seen one penguin you ve seen them all
He hasn t stopped complaining since he got back from his
holidays [compare since in clauses of reason > 1.48]
We always have to wait till/until the last customer has left
1.45.2 Tenses in adverbial clauses of time: 'no future after temporals'
When the time clause refers to the future, we normally use the simple present after after as soon as before by the time directly immediately
The complex sentence adverbial clauses
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the moment till until and when where we might expect a simple future, or we use the present perfect where we might expect the future perfect These two tenses are often interchangeable after temporal conjunctions
The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby is born (or
Has been born)
The present perfect is often used after once and now that
Once (= when) we have decorated the house we can move in Now that we have decorated the house (action completed) we can move in
1.45.3 Will' after when'
Though we do not normally use the future in time clauses will can be used after when in noun clauses [> 1.24.2]
The hotel receptionist wants to know when we will be checking
