Questions

1. Comment on the essential characteristics and structural peculiarities of neologisms.

2. Define the main factors influencing their faithful translating into the target language. Give examples.

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT 9

1. Read the following text. Make a list of new words used in the text and supply their target language equivalents.

What can robots do?

The word “robot” was first used by Czech playwright Karel Capek, who in 1920 wrote a drama about machines that could move like human beings – and do their work. Today this idea has become a reality. Industrial robots being manufactured perform certain tasks even better than a human being. We are thus at the threshold of the era of robots - what might be called a “ robolution “.

An industrial robot is a unit which has movement functions with a high degree of freedom similar to human arms and is able to move autonomously on the basis of sense and perceptions.

There are six categories of robots: (1) the manual manipulator, remotely controlled by a person, which carries out hand-and-arm functions to hold and move objects; (2) the fixed-sequence robot, which performs a series of operations in a preset order, always in the same series of locations in space; (3) the variable-sequence robot, which operates in the same manner as a fixed – sequence robot but can easily be reprogrammed for a different sequence of operations; (4) the playback robot, which repeats a sequence of movements and operations that are first “taught” by manual movement of a manipulator and stored in the robot’s memory unit; (5) the numerically-controlled robot, which moves from one position to another according to numerical instructions in such forms as punched paper tapes or cards; and (6) the intelligent robot, an advanced type can decide its course of action on the basis of its sensing devices and analytical capability.

Today robots play a major role in welding, press-forming, coating and other operations, particularly in the automotive industry.

2. Translate the following text paying attention to new words.