| | Zero Article
| Indefinite Article
| Definite Article
|
| Continents
| Europe; Asia; Antarctica
modified by some descriptive attributes in pre-position*,
· North America
Central Asia
| ·
| limitation clear from the context, e.g. It was the Europe of 1600s.
|
| Countries
| is used if the names consist of one word
Ukraine; England; Poland
| indicates some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation
It was a new Italy Marko did not recognize.
| is used if the names consist of more than one word
· the United States of America
· the United Emirates
· the United Kingdom
indicates traditional use
· the Argentine (but Argentina)
· the Netherlands
· (the) Lebanon; (the) Congo; (the) Senegal; (the) Kameroon; (the) Sudan
|
| Regions and provinces
| Kharkiv Region,
|
| indicates traditional use
· the Lake District
· the Caucasus; the Crimea
· the Ruhr; the Tyrol; the Riviera; the Transvaal; the Saar
|
| Cities, towns, villages
| · London (city)
· Broadstairs (town)
· Middlemead (village)
| to show some unusual qualities or mood in the given situation
It was a different Paris unknown to him.
| 1. clear from the situation, usually with a limiting attribute, e.g. It was not the France of his youth.
2. with an ‘of-phrase’, e.g. the city of Chester; the village of Amberley
3. an exception - the Hague
|
| Mountains,mountain passes and islands
| separate mountains, peaks and islands
· Snowdon
· Mount Everest
· Cyprus
|
| mountain chains and groups pf islands
· the Rocky Mountains
· the Bahamas
· the Saint Gottard Pass
· the Isle of Man (of-phrase)
|
| Lakes
| with the word ‘lake’
Lake Michigan; Silver Lake
|
| without the word ‘lake’
the Michigan, the Windermere
|
| Oceans, seas, rivers, straights, channels, canals, waterfalls, bays, gulfs
|
|
| · the Indian Ocean
· the North Sea
· the Trent (a river in England)
· the Magellan Straits (the Strait of Magellan)
· the English Channel
· the Panama Canal
· the Niagara Falls
· North Bay (but the San Francisco Bay)
· the Gulf of Mexico
|
| Peninsulas and capes
| · Hindustan
· Labrador
· Cape Horn
· Cape Province
|
| with the word ‘peninsula’
· the Hindustan Peninsula
with ‘of – phrase’ (traditional use)
· the Cape of Good Hope
|
| Deserts
|
|
| the Sahara Desert
|
| Names traditionally used in the plural
|
|
| · the Midlands
· the Netherlands
· the Yorkshire Forests
|
| Streets, squares,
parks
| · Baker Street
· Drury Lane
· Brown Close
· Sunset Boulevard
· Piccadilly Circus
· Hyde Park
|
| traditional use
· the Strand (in London)
· the High Street
· The Main Street
· the Mall
· the Plaza San Marco
|
* The descriptive attributes that usually modify geographical names in pre-position are: northern, southern, eastern, western, central, minor, south-west (etc), Latin, ancient, old, new, industrial, medieval, modern,