Exercise 7. Write the correct form of the word in brackets and complete the sentences

1. In 1926 and 1927 there were a total of 24 fatal (commerce) airline crashes.

2. (Safe) improvements have resulted from improved aircraft design, engineering and maintenance, the evolution of navigation aids, and safety protocols and procedures.

3. A (disproportion) number of all U.S. aircraft crashes occur in Alaska, largely as a result of severe weather conditions.

4. UK airline operations are among the (safe) anywhere.

5. For every billion kilometres (travel), trains have a fatality rate 12 times larger than air travel, while automobiles have a fatality rate 62 times larger.

6. When (measure) on a passenger-distance calculation, air travel is the safest form of transportation available.

Exercise 8. Fill in the correct abbreviation (from the box below).

1. ________ makes it possible for aircrews to know their position with great precision anywhere in the world.

2. With the arrival of _________, GPS navigation has become accurate enough for vertical (altitude) as well as horizontal use, and is being used increasingly for instrument approaches as well as en-route navigation.

3. However, since the GPS constellation is a single point of failure that can be switched off by the U.S. military in time of crisis, on-board ___________ or ground-based navigation aids are still required for backup.

4. _____ stations became the predominate means of route navigation during the 1960s, superseding the low frequency radio ranges and the _______.

5. The ground based VOR stations were often co-located with ______ transmitters and then labelled as _________ stations on navigation charts.

Exercise 9. What grammatical form is used in these sentences? Offer your variants of translations.

1. All of the ground-based navigation aids are being supplemented by satellite-based aids like Global Positioning System.

2. When measured on a passenger-distance calculation, air travel is the safest form of transportation available.

3. With the arrival of WAAS, GPS navigation has become accurate enough for vertical (altitude) as well as horizontal use, and is being used increasingly for instrument approaches as well as en-route navigation.

4. Even if they were counted as accidents they would have added only about 2 deaths per 2,000,000,000 person-miles.

5. It is often reported that air travel is the safest in terms of deaths per passenger mile.