Exercise 5. Paraphrase the following sentences

1. During the 1920s, the first laws were passed in the USA to regulate civil aviation.

2. A disproportionate number of all U.S. aircraft crashes occur in Alaska, largely as a result of severe weather conditions.

3. One of the first navigation aids to be introduced (in the USA in the late 1920s) was airfield lighting to assist pilots to make landings in poor weather or after dark.

4. All of the ground-based navigation aids are being supplemented by satellite-based aids like Global Positioning System (GPS), which make it possible for aircrews to know their position with great precision anywhere in the world.

5. When measured by fatalities per person transported, buses are the safest form of transportation and the number of air travel fatalities per person are surpassed only by bicycles and motorcycles.

6. A 2007 study by Popular Mechanics found that passengers sitting at the back of a plane are 40% more likely to survive a crash than those sitting in the front.

7. A flight data recorder is usually mounted in the aircraft's empennage (tail section), where it is more likely to survive a severe crash.

8. Boeing, the FAA and a website on aircraft safety, all claiming that there is no safest seat.

9. For every billion kilometres travelled, trains have a fatality rate 12 times larger than air travel, while automobiles have a fatality rate 62 times larger.

10. When compared against all other modes of transport on a fatality per mile basis air transport is the safest.

Exercise 6. Finish the sentences:

1. Air safety i s a term encompassing …

2. A disproportionate number of all U.S. aircraft crashes occur in Alaska, largely as a result of …

3. The terrorist attacks of 2001 are not counted as …

4. In 1929 Jimmy Doolittle developed...

5. Some major safety devices now required in commercial aircraft involve …

6. When measured on a passenger-distance calculation, air travel is …

7. A 2007 study by Popular Mechanics found that passengers sitting at the back of a plane are 40% more likely to survive a crash than those sitting...

8. Over 95% of people in U.S. plane crashes between 1983 and 2000...

9. GPS navigation has become accurate enough for vertical (altitude) as well as horizontal use, and is being used increasingly for instrument approaches as well as …

10. (VOR) stations became the predominate means of route navigation during the 1960s, superseding …