2015-08-21
393
Суффиксы
Суффиксы существительных
| Суффикс | Значение | Примеры |
| -age | а) действие, условие или резуль- тат; б) количественное значение или значение собирательности; в) место действия, место жительства | T o marry – marriage acre - acreage herb – herbage to harbour-harbourage |
| -ance -ence | процесс, состояние или свойство | important – importance different -difference |
| -dom | абстрактные и собирательные существительные, обозначающие: а) общественный статус или яв- ление; б) состояние | king - kingdom free – freedom |
| -ее | лицо, на которое направлено действие | to address - addressee |
| -er, -or | действующее лицо, лицо, совершающее выраженное глаголом действие | to sell – seller to visit - visitor |
| -ery, -ary, -ry | а) место; б) действие, род занятия или деятельности; поведение или связанное с ним качество; в) состояние или положение | to bind – bindery to rob – robbery chemist–chemistry slave–slavery |
| -hood | а) состояние, общественное положение; б) качества, свойства; в) совокупность людей или семейные отношения | child - childhood saint - sainthood brother – brotherhood |
| -ian | национальная принадлежность | Russia – Russian |
| -ician | лицо по роду работы, занятий | mathematics - mathematician |
| -ion, -ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion | а) действие, процесс, состояние; б) абстрактное понятие; свойство, качество | to transform – transformation to accommodate - accomodation |
| -ism | отвлеченные имена существительные | Marx - Marxism |
| -ist | профессия, принадлежность к партии, религии, философскому течению | to type - typist Marxist |
| -ment | a) действие, процесс, состояние; б) результат действия или продукт деятельности | T o move – movement to improve – improvement |
| -ness | качество или состояние | hарру - happiness |
| -ship | а) положение человека в обществе; звание, должность, титул; б) умение, мастерство, искусство; занятие; с) чувство, отношение к чему-либо; д) абстрактные понятия | captain – captainship draftsman – draftsmanship comrade – comradeship citizen - citizenship |
| -ute, -ture | а) процесс, состояние; свойства; абстрактное понятие; б) сфера деятельности; официальное учреждение и его функции | to depart – departure portrait – portraiture |
| -y | абстрактные и собирательные существительные | soldier - soldiery |
Exercises
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1. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса –er или -or. Переведите на русский язык.
To act, to conduct, to compose, to direct, to drive, to fight, to found, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach.
2. Образуйте от данных слов существительные при помощи суффиксов -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведите на русский язык.
Art, social, type, capital, music, international, piano, electric, Canada, Russia.
3. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффикса –ment. Переведите на русский язык.
To improve, to measure, to disappoint, to pave, to announce, to agree, to state, to govern, to require, to arrange, to move, to develop, to achieve.
1. Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные с помощью суффиксов –ion, -ation, -sion, -ssion, -tion. Переведите на русский язык.
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To collect, to combine, to connect, to dictate, to include, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to submit.
1. Образуйте от данных прилагательных существительные с помощью суффикса –ness. Переведите на русский язык.
Bitter, absolute, damp, cold, dark, kind, happy, weak.
1. 6. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
| dis-excite -y un-appoint -ship im-honest -ment patient -ness success -ion direct -full kind -less profit help friend luck like |
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными.
| I. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet (1)________ from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone (2)________ in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, if there are no holes in it. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air (3)____________. The air needs (4)________ and care. Man is beginning to understand that his (5)_________ is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. | RADIATE LAY POLLUTE PROTECT ENVIRON |
| II. (1)__________ are proud of their Constitution. It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still working! But the people of the United states can change the Constitution. Changes in the Constitution are called (2)___________. The first ten of them are called the Bill of Rights. They were made in 1791. The Bill of Rights guarantees to people of the USA very important rights and (3)__________. Soon after the Civil War (1861-1865) there were three important amendments. The 13th amendment ended (4)_________, the 14th amendment made all Black people (5)__________ of the United States, the 15th amendment gave Blacks the right to vote. | AMERICA AMEND FREE SLAVE CITY |
III.
| Lord Byron (1788-1824) didn’t live a long life. He was an aristocrat and a fashionable man. But he loved (1)_________ and a simple country life. His (2)_________ attracted Britain and all Europe. He brought to his (3)_________ romanticism of his times. He was talented and handsome, noble and brave. (4)_________ admired him. In 1812 he became famous after the (5)__________of his autobiographic poem “Childe Harold”. | FREE PERSONAL POET LONDON PUBLIC |
IV.
| I always wanted to be a great (1)_________. I had the dreams of discovering a new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately I was never good at (2)_________ at school and the teacher used to be very cross with me. After a while I decided I would become an (3)_________ and design an amazing new (4)_________ which would become a household name. A few weeks later I had a brilliant idea for a pen that would write upside down. To my (5)_________ a friend of mine pointed out that it was not a new (6)________. | SCIENCE SHEMIST INVENT PRODUCE DISAPPOINT DISCOVER |
V.
| The trade union (1) _____________ has a long and important history in Britain, but since 1980 the influence of trade unions has declined dramatically. Trade union (2)_____________ has fallen because of changes in the structure of (3)______, including (4)__________, the shift away from manufacturing, the rise in smaller firms, the increase in part-time employment, and the constructing out of work. The Conservative government restricted unions’ (5)___________ to launch strikes and made unions legally responsible for the actions of(6)____________; this has considerably reduced union power and substantially decreased the number of strikes, called (7)____________. | MOVE MEMBER EMPLOY PRIVATIZE ABLE STRIKE STOP |
