Способы перевода сказуемого в Passive Voice

Формы сказуемого в Passive Voice

to be + Ved

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
is am + Ved are	was + Ved were	shall be + Ved will
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	Future Continuous
is am being +Ved are	was being + Ved were	----------------------
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
have been +Ved has	had been + Ved	shall have been + Ved will

Способы перевода сказуемого в Passive Voice.

1. Сочетанием глагола "быть" с краткой формой страдательного причастия.

2. Глаголом с частицей -ся.

3. Неопределенно-личным предложением со сказуемым в третьем лице множественного числа, если отсутствует дополнение с предлогом by, выражающее производителя действия.

4. Личным предложением с глаголом-сказуемым в активном залоге, если имеется дополнение с предлогом by, который при переводе соответствует русскому подлежащему.

5. Если предложение со сказуемым в Passive Voice заканчивается на предлог, то этот предлог относится к подлежащему, т.е. перевод следует начинать с этого предлога.

Примеры:

1. This article was published in the newspaper two years ago.

Эта статья была напечатана в газете два года назад.

2. The plane is controlled by the pilot.

Самолет управляется пилотом. (Пилот управляет самолетом).

3. Books are read with pleasure.

Книги читают с удовольствием.

4. This lecture is heard by the students with pleasure.

Студенты слушают эту лекцию с интересом.

5. This device is referred to in the next chapter.

На этот прибор ссылаются в следующей статье.

6. The problem was much spoken about.

Об этой проблеме много говорили.

ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

I. Прочтите предложения, определив время и залог сказуемого, и переведите предложения:

1. The number of electronic devices in our country is increa­sing constantly.

2. The tests of new transistors are being conducted in the laboratory.

3. At that time the engineers were testing a new receiver for the application in this system.

4. The USSR has greatly increased the production of radio receivers.

5. The results of the experiment have been of great impor­tance for comparing these designs.

6. The operation of this system has been studied by the engineers.

7. New transmitting stations are being built in this region.

8. The Soviet scientists are conducting a series of experi­ments for the improvement of space communication.

9. The efficiency of these tubes is now being improved.

10. After important data on the Moon conditions had been obtained the scientists began to investigate this problem.

11. Lasers have been built on the basis of transistors and now they are successfully used.

12. By that time the problem of long-distance communica­tion had been solved.

II. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций:

1. The operation of a receiving station is influenced by a number of factors.

2. The magnetron is a vacuum tube whose current is affected by a magnetic field.

3. Valve radio sets were followed by the transistor radio sets.

4. The work of Rutherford was followed by great research work of many other scientists.

5. Cosmic radiation is influenced by some phenomena of nature.

6. The properties of these systems were much spoken about.

7. New electronic devices are dealt with in this article.

8. Simple transmitting stations were followed by more po­werful transmitting stations.

9. The use of colour television is spoken about in the follo­wing article.

10. Solar batteries are dealt with in this new text-book.

T E X T