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“TEN STEPS TO SUCCESS”

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MODULE 1: You are the centre of the world

LESSON ONE (parts 1, 2)

“The English Language is the kingdom of a sleeping beauty,

You must awaken her in yourself and the whole kingdom will come to life and will be yours”.

L. Szhutnik

LESSON ONE. Part one

1. Phonetics

Question: What is the difference between the English and Ukrainian languages? The alphabet Sounds Intonation and rhythm Vocabulary Word order Grammar

Read the alphabet / the ABC.

Practice – English in use

Task 1: Read the ABC from A to Z then from Z to A several times to remember the names of all the letters.

Task 2: Study Phonetic reference - Appendix one – 26 letters but 44 phonemes (sounds), the rules of reading, signs of transcription and the Ukrainian – English transliteration table.

a). Write down your name / surname and those of your friends; a name of the place of your residence in English;

b). Spell as many words as you can, for example: family, English, computer, weather, whether, freedom, happiness, presentation, practice, production, dream, explore, discover etc.

Task 3: Read the letters given at random:

M q H E j g m P b t X s T w

V u y W Q S p v L N o K h

R O h C N f I k D J z a i B l

d F c A Y r I a G j R q C s P

Help:

Grammar reference – граматична довідка

Task – завдання

Several - декілька

Remember - пам’ятати

Practice – практика, практикувати

Letter – літера

Study –навчання, вивчати

At random - наугад

Appendix - додаток

Table - таблиця

Surname - прізвище

Spell – назвати по буквах

Pronounce – вимовляти

Double – подвійний, подвоювати

Etc - та інше (скорочення від et cetera)

Sentence – речення

1.1. Sounds and transcription

The English and Ukrainian languages belong to different language families and differ much. Study, for example, the English rules of pronunciation and reading:

English sounds, both consonants and vowels, are pronounced distinctly, with a tension. It provides a rhythmical reading and a definite place of a stressed vowel in the mouth. The position of lips and a tongue is important. Also there is often no correlation in English between sounds and spelling. Study the example below:

‘ ou’ can be pronounced in a number of different ways: cloud, pour, though, through, journey, enough, double, cousin etc.

1). Every vowel (6 of them) – a, e, i (y as a vowel ), o, u has at least two types of reading in a stressed position.

The 1^st one is an alphabetic reading when the stressed syllable is open. Study the schemes:

- vowel + vowel (e.g. b e e, s e a, t e acher, p e ople, ind e ed, g o al, r o ad, d u e);

- vowel + consonant + vowel (e.g. pl a ne, t u be, r i ce – final “ e ” is not read)

The 2^nd type:the stressed syllable is closed and the rules of reading are different in the schemes:- vowel + consonant (e.g. r a g, r i d, r e d, r o d, r u g);

- vowel +2(3) consonants + vowel (e.g. a pple, l e tter, l i ttle, imp o rtant.)

		Note: The English language has been historically connected with different European languages. As a result, a number of synonyms is great (e.g. to begin, start, commence have the same translation – “починати”). Also it led to different rules of reading (e.g. English, are, give, never, have, every, friend, opinion etc.)

2). Every sound of a stressed vowel has its place in a mouth.

There are narrow (upper) and open (low) sounds (as in the words: m e n-m a n, p e n-p a n, b e d-b a d, tog et her-g a ther, r e d-r a bbit);

front, middle, back sounds (l a ke-l u ck-l o ck; cake-cut-caught);

short and long ones (d u ck-d a rk, mid-mead, pick-peek, pitch-peach, ship-sheep, rid-read, did-deed, this-these, hut-heart).

To differentiate the sounds or read words in the dictionary correctly we need to know transcription signs (signs of sounds).