Grammar: Linking clauses. Result and Purpose

Objectives: By the end of this unit, students should be able to use active vocabulary of this theme in different forms of speech exercises. Students should know the rule of the infinitive constructions and fulfill grammar exercises.

Methodical instructions: This theme must be worked out during two lessons a week according to timetable.

Lexical material: Introduce and fix new vocabulary on theme “Ancient mathematicians”. Grammar: Linking clauses. Result and Purpose.

Ex.1 Before reading the text, answer the following questions:

1 What do you know about foreign policy of Kazakhstan?

2 When Kazakhstan’s foreign policy was formulated?

Ex.2 Read and translate the text

Foreign Policy

Kazakhstan’s foreign policy was formulated shortly after Kazakhstan gained its independence on December 16, 1991. The first President of the independent Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, indicated that diplomacy’s main objective was to create and maintain favorable conditions for steady development of the Kazakhstan based on political and economic reforms. The nature of these reforms determines the nation’s foreign policy priorities, impartiality, and a desire to be fully involved in both international and regional events.

Primary Goals

The primary goals of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy are as follows:

· Protect national interests.

· Provide favorable conditions for political and economic development.

· Develop strategic cooperation with leading countries and regions of the world.

· Improve cooperation with international organizations.

· Strengthen democratic principles within the new world order.

· Contribute to global and regional security and stability while opposing new threats such as, terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime.

· Participate in the processes of regional and global economic integration.

· Promote democracy as well as social and human development.

· Protect the environment and sustain development.

Key Decisions

The Government made key decisions and adopted policies regarding:

· The military

· Politics

· Economics

· Democratic reforms

· A new state governing system

These decisions were essential in easing Kazakhstan’s transition to the world community and helped create a foreign policy in harmony with the global political trend towards liberalization.

One of the most important decisions Kazakhstan made during the last 15 years was to become a non-nuclear state and pursue a policy of nonproliferation. Kazakhstan’s diplomacy was successful in developing positive relations with 140 countries and helping it to become a member of 64 international political and economic organizations. In March 1992, Kazakhstan was accepted into the United Nations Organization and has played an active role in its initiatives for the past 18 years. There have been no conflicts or confrontations between Kazakhstan and other countries to date, thus further underscoring the effectiveness of the nation’s diplomacy.

Global Integration

Kazakhstan has signed more than 1,300 international and intergovernmental contracts and agreements establishing a practical, contractual, and legal framework for relations with other countries. Furthermore, to create conditions required for integration into global and regional processes, Kazakhstan has established active cooperation with the majority of North American, European, and Asian countries as well as their chief regional organizations, including the:

· Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

· Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)

· Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

Participation in regional and global affairs and events is necessary to strengthening Kazakhstan’s independence. The nation is involved in several global transformation processes that highlight the issue of interdependence. Problems that were once considered domestic or regional now have a larger impact on the world, causing globalization to become the dominant factor in world politics. Although interdependence is a factor in areas such as finance, technology, and information technology (IT), the globalization of the economy is gaining influence and importance in society as it affects major political decisions.

Ex.3 Mark true and false sentences: