Answer the questions

1) How much water does it take to produce enough food to satisfy one person's daily dietary need?

3) What is industrial percentage of water use?

4) What do major industrial uses include?

5) Where does hydroelectric power derive energy from?

6) How is the energy in a hydroelectric power plant supplied?

7) When are pumped-storage hydroelectric plants used?

8) What do hydroelectric power plants generally require?

9) Where is pressurized water used?

10) Water is also used in many large scale industrial processes. What are they?

11) Why is industrial consumption of water generally much lower than withdrawal?

5. Summarize the text using the following beginnings:

The text reports on…

The text touches upon…

A careful account is given to…

It is reported that…

Much attention is given to…

The text points out that…

The text deals with the problem of…

The text provides information on…

The text defines the phenomenon of…

The text covers such points as…

6. Read text B and choose the headline:

1) Worldwide Water Use

2) Drinking Water

3) Household and Environmental Use of Water

Text B

Words and expressions:

household purposes – бытовые цели potable water – водопроводная вода

exclude – исключать environment – окружающая среда

quality – качество impoundment – запруда

long-term harm – длительное вредное воздействие fish spawn – нерест рыбы

It is estimated that 8% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Basic household water requirements have been estimated by Peter Gleick at around 50 liters per person per day, excluding water for gardens. Drinking water is water that is of sufficiently high quality so that it can be consumed or used without risk of immediate or long-term harm. Such water is commonly called potable water. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households, commerce and industry is all of drinking water standard even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation.

Environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use. Environmental water may include water stored in impoundments and released for environmental purposes. Environmental water usage includes watering of natural or artificial wetlands, artificial lakes intended to create wildlife habitat, and water releases from reservoirs to help fish spawn, or to restore more natural flow regimes

Like recreational usage, environmental usage is non-consumptive but may reduce the availability of water for other users at specific times and places. For example, water release from a reservoir to help fish spawn may not be available to farms upstream.

Tasks