IP- routing in a network

IP routing is the process of transporting data from source to destination on a determined path across two or more networks. IP routing enables two or more devices on different TCP/IP networks to connect with each other. IP routing provides the path for reaching the destination device.

IP Routing is an umbrella term for the set of protocols that determine the path that data follows in order to travel across multiple networks from its source to its destination. Data is routed from its source to its destination through a series of routers, and across multiple networks. The IP Routing protocols enable routers to build up a forwarding table that correlates final destinations with next hop addresses.

These protocols include:

• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
• IS-IS (Intermediate System - Intermediate System)
• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
• RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

IP routing is implemented, operated and managed by the router. It works when a device on a local network sends a packet toward a destination node that's external to the network. For IP routing, the external network is any network that requires the transmission of data through one or more routers before reaching the destination. Each network's router maintains a table of IP addresses and details of router or other networks to which it has previously been connected. Once it receives the packet from the local computer/network, it matches the destination IP address to its list of networks. If a match is found, the packet is routed to the corresponding router or list of routers, through which it must pass to reach the destination node.

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