Functions of Words in the Sentence. Parts of the Sentence

Introductory Course

“Two make a team, don’t they?”

UNIT 1.

Warmers and ice-breakers

The English Sentence 1. The Word Order

Functions of Words in the Sentence. Members of the Sentence

Types of Sentences

Statements

Negative Statements. Avoiding Double Negatives

Imperative Sentences

Questions. Asking Techniques

Yes/No Questions and Alternative Questions

Shortened Yes/No Questions

*Задание к уроку 1.

Basic Grammar in Use R.Murphy

Units: 30, 37, 39, 40 (Statements and Questions).

Units: 1-7 PP. 2-15 (Present Simple, Present Cont.)

Warmers and ice-breakers

• I am O lga and I am o ptimistic! Optimistic Olga. And what are your names?

• Do this personality quiz. Study the pictures for ten seconds and choose the picture you like most. The teacher will read the key to you. Write all your features down. Which don’t you like? Walk around and “swap” some features you don’t like to make a “better you”. Ask a group mate: “Would you like to be greedy? I’d like to be disorganized in return”. Answer “Yes. I’d love to”/ “No. I wouldn’t”. (1)

• Draw your right hand on a piece of paper. Label each finger with the following words (begin with the thumb finger): 1)“My family”, 2)“My achievements and my ambitions”, 3)“My character”, 4)“My hobbies”, 5)“My appearance”. Opposite each topic write 2 or more sentences about yourself. You can answer these questions:

1. What is your family? Where were you born? How old are you?

2. When did you finish school? What can you do? What are you going to do? What are you going to be in 5 years? Etc.

3. What are your strong and weak points? What are you proud of?

4. What is your hobby?

5. What do you look like?

The English Sentence 1. The Word Order

Put the words into the correct order (to make a sentence):

Bubble/ bubbles/double/gum/ double/ bubbles

Which words are adj., verbs, nouns?

Why wasn’t it easy to build the sen-ce?

Partly because there is no order and also because some words sound the same.

What is what in this sen-ce? How do you know?

Thus, the word order and some grammar marks help to understand what is what in the English sentence. Unlike the Russian language the “grammar marks” are not many and that is why are not so helpful. So the word order is of great importance and word order rules are restricted to a greater degree in English than in Russian. A word takes its place in the sentence according to its function and type of a sentence.

Functions of Words in the Sentence. Parts of the Sentence

• The Subject
• The Predicate
• The Object
• The Attribute
• The Adverbial

EXERCISE 1. Identify each underlined word as a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, or preposition.

PREP NOUN

1. Through the centuries, many people have confused whales with fish.

2. Whales are mammals, not fish. They breathe air and give birth to live young.

3. Some species of whales divedeeplybeneath the surface of the ocean in order to feed and can stay under the water for more than an hour. All whales, however, must come to the surface for air.

4. Whales make the longest migrations known among mammals. Gray whales swimfrom the Pacific coast of Mexico, where they give birth in winter, to the icy Arctic for the summer.

5. Orca whales, which are black and white, are highlytrainable. They are also called
"killer whales," but trainers tell us that these whales are intelligent and sensitive. One time, a newly captured male orca refused to eat for a long time. Finally, he took a fish from the trainer. However, he didn't eat the fish immediately; he took it to another recently captured whale, a female who had also refused to eat, and shared it with her.

6. Whales have no sense of smell and pooreyesight. Their senses of touch and hearing,
however, are highly developed. They can hear an extremelywiderangeofsounds and usesound to locate objects.

7. Whales do not have vocal cords, but they can communicate with each other. They
have a wide range of clicks, whistles, and songs. When a whale is captured in a net,
other whales gatheraround it and communicatethrough the net. They follow the
captured whale for long distances.

(English Grammar B.S. Azar Ex.9 A7)