2015-10-13
335
Вариант № 5
Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
DIFFERENT STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
There are different ways in which the job of managing employees is carried out. These ways are called management (or leadership) styles. There are three basic categories of management styles: authoritarian (or autocratic), democratic, and laissez-faire (pronounced «lay say fair»). But besides in the modern world some other leadership styles are used.
Task Oriented Leadership. A task-oriented leader focuses only on getting the job done, and can be quite autocratic. He defines the work and the roles, puts structures in place, plans, organizes and monitors. The main disadvantage of a task-oriented leader is that he spares little thought for the well-being of his teams.
People-Oriented Leadership or Relations-Oriented Leadership. This style of leadership is the opposite of task-oriented leadership: the leader is totally focused on organizing, supporting and developing the people in the leader’s team. This leadership style tends to lead to good teamwork and creative collaboration. However, taken to extremes, it can lead to failure to achieve the team’s goals. Most leaders use both task-oriented and people-oriented styles of leadership.
Transactional leadership. This style of leadership starts with the premise that team members agree to obey their leader totally when they take a job on. The leader has the right to «punish»team members if their work doesn’t meet the pre-determined standard.
Transactional leadership is usually focused on short-term tasks.
Transformational Leadership. A person with this leadership style is a true leader who inspires his team with a shared vision of the future. Transformational leaders are highly visible, and spend a lot of time communicating. They don’t necessarily lead from the front, as they tend to delegate responsibility amongst their teams. In many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership are needed. The transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably, while the transformational leaders look after initiatives.
vocabulary
| management (or leadership) styles authoritarian (or autocratic), democratic, and laissez-faire (pronounced «lay say fair») Task Oriented Leadership the well-being People-Oriented Leadership or Relations-Oriented Leadership good teamwork creative collaboration taken to extremes failure to achieve the team’s goals Transactional leadership the pre-determined standard short-term tasks Transformational Leadership inspires his team with a shared vision of the future highly visible to delegate responsibility | стили управления (или руководства) авторитарный (или автократический), демократический и свободный (произносится «lay say fair») ориентированный на достижение цели стиль руководства благополучие ориентированный на людей или на отношения стиль руководства хорошая работа команды творческое сотрудничество в случае крайностей провал в достижении целей команды деловой стиль руководства заранее установленный стандарт кратковременные задачи трансформационный стиль руководства вдохновляет свою команду на то, чтобы иметь одинаковое видение будущего очень заметны делегировать ответственность |
Задание № 2. Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос по тексту «DIFFERENT STYLES OF LEADERSHIP».
