2015-10-22
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1 Which tool checks your spelling?
______________________
2 Which edit command removes text or images?
______________________
3 Which format command changes the letter size?
______________________
4 Which file command opens a file or document?
______________________
5 Which insert command lets you put in an image?
______________________
6 Which view command shows the document as a printed page?
______________________
| Close | This command closes the open file. |
| Copy | This editing command copies any highlighted text or images and keeps it in memory. We say anything copied is on the clipboard. |
| Cut | This editing command deletes any highlighted text or image. |
| Font | Formats, or changes, the type style and size of the characters. |
| Full Screen | This view command makes the open document cover all of the screen. This also hides the menu bar and the toolbar so that you cannot see them. The menu bar shows commands and tools in words; the toolbar shows them with icons. |
| Language | This tool opens a thesaurus to help you find synonyms and antonyms (similar and opposite words). |
| Open | Opens a file from one of the computer's drives |
| Paragraph | Formats the paragraph settings to change the way the paragraph looks. |
| Paste | This editing command puts anything that is on the clipboard onto the screen. |
| Picture | Inserts a picture or image into your document. |
| Print Layout | Views the open document as it-will look when it is printed. |
| Save | Saves the open file or document. |
| Save As | Saves the file to another location, with another name or in a different format. |
| Spelling and Grammar | This tool checks the document or any highlighted text for spelling and grammar errors. |
| Symbol | You can insertmany special characters with this command. |
| Undo | This editing tool cancels the last command. It does not. work with every command |
5. Write the commands and tools from the table under the correct
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heading.
File Edit View
________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________
________ ________
________ ________
| Insert |
Format Tools
________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________
6. Match the first part of the sentence (1- 6) with the second part
(a-f).
1 Typing letters with a word processor
2 Many companies need people
3 I can learn a lot of new words
4 People usually type business letters
5 Check your spelling and grammar
6 If you cut a sentence out by mistake,
a in the Times New Roman font.
b by using the thesaurus.
с before you print out your document.
d who can use a word processor.
e try clicking the undo button.
f is easier and quicker than writing by hand.
Vocabulary
7 Complete the sentences with words from the box.
character ■ clipboard ■ fonts ■ format locations ■ menu bar ■ settings ■ toolbar
1. When you copy text, it stays on the _______ until you want to paste it.
2 Change the paragraph______ if you want bigger spaces between the lines.
3 Each word on the _______ contains a list of commands and tools.
4 Most of the icons on the ______ are also in words in the menu bar.
5 You can save a file in many different ________ in your computer.
6 MS Word has about a hundred different ________for you to choose from.
7 A word processor lets you _______ a paragraph as well as the font.
8 If the ______ you want is not on the keyboard, look in the Symbol
command.
Speaking
8 Match the icons (a-1) with the words (1-12). Say what the command or tool does.
1. scissors 7. size
2. floppy disk 8. two documents
3. ABC-check 9. underline
4. italic 10. printer
5. font 11. clipboard
6. new document 12. bold
A What's f?
В It's a picture of two documents.
A What does it do?
В It copies text or images onto the clipboard. / It lets you copy text or
images onto the clipboard.
Writing
9 Practise your typing! Type a paragraph of any English text that is new to you using a word-processing program. Do the following:
• format the verbs in bold
• put nouns in italics
• underline any adjectives
• use the thesaurus to check any words you do not know
• change the font and the font size for each sentence
• use the spell check to check your work. Then print your document.
Get real
Go to the menu bar and look at File, Edit, View, Insert, Format and Tools. Find out the function of two other commands or tools and use them in your document from Exercise 9. report back to the class and make a class file of the new commands and tools.
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4. Word processing: for and against
Before you start
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 Do you like writing by hand? Why?/Why not?
2 Have you ever used a typewriter or word processor? Which word processor?
3 What are the differences between handwriting, typing and word processing?
Reading
2. Read the text and underline the advantages of word processing in the first paragraph and the disadvantages in the second. Write the number of each.
Advantages □ Disadvantages □
The case for and against WORD PROCESSING
People use word processors for writing all kinds of documents, such as letters, school papers and reports. Word processors have many advantages over handwriting and manual typewriters. Word processing is faster and easier than writing by hand and you can store documents on your computer, which you cannot usually do on a typewriter. This makes it easier to review and rewrite your documents. You have more formatting choices with а word processor, and the spelling, grammar and language tools are useful, too. You can also print copies of your documents, which look neater than handwritten ones. Many language students use word processors to improve their writing skills and because they help them feel proud of their work.
Word processors do have disadvantages, however. First, it is not easy to read long documents on a computer screen. Second, sometimes the printer does not print an exact copy of what you see on the screen. Not all word processors can read each other's files, which is another disadvantage. Finally, word processors do not always work well with e-mail. If you paste a word-processed letter into an e-mail it may lose a lot of its formatting.
Many people a text editor for the Internet, which is similar to a word processor but has fewer formatting features and cannot use graphics. Text editors, such as Notepad, use a simple coding system called ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), as does e-mail.
3. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 You can store letters on a manual typewriter. T/ F
2 You can change your documents easily on a word processor. T/F
3 Printed documents look better than handwriting. T/F
4 Improving your writing is more difficult with a word
processor. T/ F
5 Word processors work well with e-mail. T/ F
Vocabulary
4. Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text with the
definitions (1-6).
1 by hand, not electronic ____________
2 the way a program organizes data ____________
3. a program used for simple text files ____________
4 the code that e-mail uses ____________
5 things that a program has, or can do ____________
6 a program used for text and graphics ____________
Speaking
5 Work in groups. Which of these documents would you write by hand and which on a word processor? Say why.
| a formal letter ■ an informal letter ■ an invitation to a party ■ a birthday card ■ a shopping list ■ an application form ■ a note to your teacher/friend/father ■ a school report ■ a 'for sale' notice |
Writing
Write a short paragraph about some of the advantages of writing with pen and paper. Use the following ideas to help you. Add any other ideas you may have.
• pen and paper - cheap
• you can write anywhere (don't need electricity)
• don't need to learn to type
• handwritten letters - friendlier & more personal
Get real
Take your paragraph from Exercise 6. Type it into the word processor on the computer you use. Change or add some formatting features, such as the font, bold, italic or underline. Copy and paste the formatted letter into a text editor such as Notepad. Report back to the class on which formatted features did not appear.
5. Storing data
1 Before you start
What information can you store on a computer?
Where can you store your documents or files?
2 Reading
Read the text quickly. Write the number of the paragraph that tells you about:
a computer directories
b organizing personal files
с where you can store data
1 Computers store letters, reports, pictures, music and video as data.. You can store data on floppy disks but they are too small to hold most pictures or videos. You can store these on a CD-ROM but you need a CD-re-writer to copy the data. People often use portable removable disks, which can store up to one gigabyte of data and do not need any expensive hardware. Most computer owners store their data on the hard disk but because computers can crash, they often use other disks to make back-up copies.
2. Computers store program files on the hard disk, which is usually the C: drive in the Windows OS (operating system) or the Macintosh Hard Disk in Apple computers. Computers store program files in folders and organize these folders in a directory (see below). The plus sign (+) means that the folder contains other folders or files. Clicking the plus sign next to the icon opens the other folders and files in it. Clicking the minus (-) sign closes the folder.
3 It is important to organize your files. Windows has a folder called My Documents to help you do this. It contains other folders called My Music, My eBooks, My Videos and My Pictures. Saving files on your hard disk without any order makes them difficult to find.
3 Write short answers to these questions.
1 Name four ways you can store computer data.
a ____________ с ____________
b ____________ d ____________
2 Name the open folder in the diagram.
____________
3 How many folders are in My Computer in the diagram?
____________
4 What is the hard disk called in Apple Macintosh computers?
____________
5 Where will you find My Videos in the Windows OS?
____________
4 Match the questions (1-5) with the answers
1 Why can't a floppy disk store videos?
2 What are removable disks?
3 Where do computers store program files?
4 Why do you need to organize your files?
5 What happens if you click the plus sign?
a Portable data storage disks.
b Other folders or files appear.
с So that you can find them easily.
d On the hard disk.
e Because it can't hold a lot of data.
Vocabulary
5 Find the words in the text that mean:
1 computer information (paragraph 1) ___________
2 when computers stop working (1) ___________
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3 a second copy of a file (1) ___________
4 to put in neat order (2) ___________
5 a list (2) ___________
Speaking
6 Work in pairs. Look at the files below. How would you organize them
so that you can find them easily? Add more files to the list.
| music files ■ history essays ■ games ■ pictures of my friends ■ videos ■photos of my family ■ my science reports ■letters to my friends ■ letters to my family ■ my English language lessons ■desktop pictures ■ screen savers |
Get real
Ask people in your family or your friends' families who have their own computers how they organize their personal files. Ask them what categories they use and how they decide what files go into each category. Make a class list of the types of data they store.
6. Saving files
Before you start
1 How is it possible to lose files on a computer?
Reading
2 Read the text quickly and match the headings (a-e) with the paragraphs (1-5).
a Saving existing files с Saving new files
b Naming files d Defaults
1 Programs that let you create files or save data have a S ave command, usually in the File menu. When you save a new file, the Save A s dialog box appears (see below). You can let the computer decide the location, the file name and the format, or you can choose these settings yourself. There are many different file formats and they all have advantages and disadvantages. You can save a word- processing document as a web page, for example, or you can save digital photographs in a JPEG format, a TIFF format or many others.
2 The Save A s command is the default command for any new document so the Save A s dialog box appears even if you click S ave. If you do not give a new document a file name in a word-processing program, the file name will usually default to the first line in the document. The default file name in graphics programs is usually 'Unfitted’.
3 If you work on an existing file and want to save changes, click Save, not Save As. You can use Save A s to save an existing file in a different location, for example, in another drive or folder (using Save i n). with a new name (using File n ame) or in a different format (using Save as t ype).
4 Having different folders helps you organize your files, but naming all the different files in one folder is not always easy. You should give files names that describe exactly what they contain so that you can find them easily.
3 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 If you do not choose a location, a name, or a format when you save a new
file, the computer will do it for you. T/F
2 If you click S ave on a new file, the Save A s dialog box appears. T/F
3 You can save files in one format only. T/F
4 You can save existing files in more than one place on your computer. T/F
5 The Save command only saves existing documents. T/F
6 Most word-processing documents use 'Untitled' as the default name. T/F
7 The Save As command cannot save existing documents. T/F
8 Thinking of names for your files is easy. T/F
Vocabulary
4 Complete the sentences (1-6) with the highlighted words and phrases
in the text.
1 You can make back-up copies of _______ files on a floppy disk by using
Save As.
2 I need a _______camera because I want to save my pictures on my
computer.
3 Graphics programs save files without names as _______ by default.
4 Clicking _______ will let you go to the A: drive, C: drive or D: drive.
5 Programs have _______ settings for all kinds of functions.
6 Click _______ in the Save A s dialog box to change the file format.
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Speaking
5 Work in pairs. Bring to your class six photographs of your family,
friends, city or pets that you would like to store on your computer.
Decide on file names to give them. Use the most important part of the
photograph, but try to keep the names short.
I'd call this file 'Dad Sleeping 50', because I took the picture on his 50th birthday and he's sleeping in a chair.
I wouldn't call this 'Picture 27' because the file name doesn't describe the picture.
Get real
Type Photographs in your search engine. Visit at least three websites that contain photographs or other visual images. Look at the categories that the sites use to group their photographs. Report back to class to say what each category contains. Write up the category list for your next class.
7.The Internet
Before you start
1 Have you ever surfed the Internet? Which websites did you visit?
Reading
2 Read the article. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The Internet first started in the USA. T/F
2 The Internet and the WWW are different. T/F
3 Berners-Lee invented the Internet. T/F
4 One file on the WWW can have two or more addresses. T/F
5 There are 40 million Internet users today. T/F
THE INTERNET originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communication network without a centre and it led to а network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) when he discovered a way to jump to different files on his computer using the random, or unplanned, links between them. He then wrote a simple coding system, called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), to create links to files on any computer connected to the network. This was possible because each file had an individual address, or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He then used a set of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), to link Web files together across the Internet. Berners-Lee also invented the world's first browser. This lets you locate and view Web pages and also navigate from one link to another.
The WWW became available to everyone in 1991 and the number of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years. Today, that number is much larger and there are now many browsers that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk in chat rooms and send and receive e-mail on the WWW.
3 Find the correct word or abbreviation in the text.
1 an address for Web pages _______
2 a coding system that creates links _______
3 this finds and shows Web pages _______
4 rules for transferring files _______
5 a group of computers joined together _______
Vocabulary
4 Match the groups of verbs below with their general meaning from the
box.
| move ■ make, start ■ join ■ look at ■ find |
1 browse, surf, view _______
2 download, navigate, transfer _______
3 connect, link _______
4 discover, locate _______
5 originate, create, invent _______
5 Complete the sentences (1-7) with the highlighted words from the
text.
1 Some people spend too much time playing _______ games on the
Internet.
2 You can sometimes have a computer _______ that is not connected to
the Internet.
3 It is easy to _______ around a screen with a links mouse.
4 Berners-Lee discovered how to _______ between computers in new
ways.
5 Some people surf the Internet at _______ just to see what they can
find.
6 People use the Internet to _______ information from one place to
another.
7 When you surf the Internet, you are travelling in _______.
Speaking
6 Work in groups. Say which of the following ideas about the Internet
are good or bad.
| independent ■ world wide ■ cheap to use ■ expensive to buy computers ■ the information may not be true or correct ■ spend too much time| playing games ■ talking in chat rooms ■ make new friends ■ visit many interesting websites ■ wait for a long time to download Web pages |
Get real
Use a browser to surf the Internet at random. Find five interesting websites to tell the class about. Write down the URL of each website and bring the list to class. Build a class file of interesting sites so that other students can visit them.
8. Research on the Internet
Before you start
1 Where is the best place to find information on these topics?
• European history
• the price of mobile phones
• your favourite pop star
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of finding information from these sources?
| books ■ magazines ■ newspapers ■ libraries ■ encyclopaedias ■ friends or family ■ teachers CD-ROMs ■ television ■ radio ■ the Internet |
Reading
3. Read the text quickly and choose the correct answer.
1 Google is a keyword / search engine.
2 This WORD is in upper / lowercase.
3 AND / WHEN is a logical operator.
Finding information on the World Wide Web needs an Internet search engine such as Google, AltaVista or Excite. Search engines have a text box where you type in a keyword or words. A search engine is a software program that reads the keywords in the text box and searches the Internet for Web pages, websites and other Internet files that use them. These documents are shown on the computer screen in a results listing.
When carrying out searches, you should usually be specific and brief in your choice of words. If the keyword is too general, or includes too many different meanings, the results listing may not be useful. Different search engines categorize information in different ways, which changes the way they store and retrieve it.
Using upper case letters (capital letters) in a keyword search will only retrieve documents that use upper case. Typing in lower case (no capitals) is usually better because search engines will retrieve documents that use both upper case and lower case letters.
You can narrow a search using logical operators such as AND, OR and NOT. AND retrieves all the words typed in the text box, OR retrieves either of the words and NOT excludes words. Spelling is important when typing in keywords, but a search engine will not usually read punctuation, prepositions and articles.
4 Tick (\/) the good things to do to find information on the Internet.
1 Choose keywords that are different to the item you want. □
2 Give the best keyword to describe what you want. □
3 Use as many general keywords as possible. □
4 Try to use a keyword that can have only one meaning. □
5 Type your keywords in lower case only. □
6 Use logical operators to narrow your search. □
7 Use full stops and commas. □
8 Do not use words like at, in, on, a/an and the. □
Vocabulary
5 Find the words and phrases in the text that mean:
1 clear and exact (paragraph 2)
2 put into similar groups (2)
3 to bring back (2)
4 make smaller (4)
5 mathematical words (4)
6 does not use (4)
6 Are the words in the groups below listed from general to specific or specific to general? Write G->S or S->G.
1 telephone -> mobile phone-> Nokia ________
2 mother -> family -> humans __________
3 writing -> essay -> sentence __________
4 Big Ben-> London -> UK ___________
5 cars -> vehicles -> transport ___________
6 cars -> German cars -> BMW ___________
Speaking
Talk about the keywords you should use to find information on the following topics.
• information on cheap hotels in the UK
• what the weather will be like tomorrow
• an essay on the history of the European Economic Union
• mobile phones that connect to the Internet
• a nice present for your mother's birthday.
Get real
Carry out the searches in Exercise 7. Then:
• note the words you used in the search
• note the top five results for each search
• visit each site and find out if it is useful.
Do the search using a different search engine. Bring the list of keywords and your notes on the search results back to class.
9. E-mail, telephones and the post
Before you start
1 Compare how many e-mails, phone calls and letters you make/send and receive each week.
Reading
2 Read the different opinions. Which one do you most agree with?
Which do our readers like using most: e-mail, telephones or the post?Here are three typical responses from last week's survey.
Lida,28
For me it has to be e-mail. It's very fast, cheap and modern - you can download music and video, send letters and pictures, and it's informal, which I like. I know privacy and security can be problems but who sends important documents by e-mail? I get annoyed if I get hundreds of e-mails at work and they all expect an instant response, and obviously I hate getting spam, or even worse, a virus.
Jarec, 65
Well, I use all three, but I prefer the phone. It's more expensive, especially for long-distance calls, but I like the instant interaction and I think you can understand more when you hear a person's voice. I like the informality and speed and you can also use your mobile phone for e-mail and sending images. With mobile phones you don't get a lot of unwanted communication, apart from the occasional wrong number.
Andrea, 39
I like modern things, but I still prefer the post. I know postal delivery is slow, but it's cheap, and you can be sure no one will read your mail or listen to your conversations. You can send anything by post, which you can't do with e-mail. Personally, I like receiving handwritten letters - they look, feel and smell different from e-mails. I think it's sad that young people don't write letters now - they're usually more formal than e-mail and students can practice their grammar and spelling. Now, what I don't like is getting is bills and junk mail!
3 Read the quotes again. Tick (\/) the features of each type of communication.
E-mail Telephones Post
cheap □ □ □
send pictures/images □ □ □
instant delivery □ □ □
instant reply □ □ □
interactive □ □ □
modern □ □ □
private □ □ □
secure □ □ □
slow □ □ □
send sound □ □ □
unwanted
communication □ □ □
usually formal □ □ □
Vocabulary
4 Which of the words in the box do people usually think of as positive? Which do they think of as negative?
| bills ■ communication ■ instant ■ interaction ■ privacy ■ security ■spam ■ virus |
Speaking
5 Work in pairs. How do you feel about getting these unwelcome messages? Why? Add other types of unwanted communication to the list.
wrong number phone calls ■ spam ■ viruses ■ junk mail ■ joke calls
■ bills ■ calls from telephone salespeople
I don't mind getting...
I don't really like getting...
I really don't like I can't stand I (really) hate...
Writing
6 Write a paragraph describing the advantages and disadvantages of e-mail or telephones or the postal service.
Get real
Work in pairs. Send each other a handwritten letter in English through the post. Also send each other an e-mail. (They can have the same content.) Describe how the letter looked, how it felt and how it smelt when you received it. Compare the letter to the e-mail you have received. Tell the class which you preferred and why.
10. Careers in IT
Before you start
1. Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 What are your plans when you graduate the university?
2 Do you want to use, or think you will need to use, IT in your job?
3 Make a list of jobs which use IT.
Reading
2. Read the quotes and write the name of the students by the jobs they
want.
1 Web designer ________________
2 Computer programmer ____________
3 Database administrator ____________
4 E-commerce manager _____________
Elisa:
‘I am interested in writing software. My friends say I’m a techno-nerd because I prefer working with computers to people. Money is important but I’d rather do a job I enjoy. I want to take a distance-learning course so I can study at home.’
Katie:
‘I like shopping and I think the future of business is on the Internet. I'm good with computers but I also like working with people. I'd like to manage my own online company. This will give me a lot of responsibility. E-commerce comes with risks, but the rewards are high when you succeed.’
Martin:
‘Many people like Web design, but 1 think data management gives more job security. There is so much information on the Internet, and companies need people who know how to store, manage and retrieve data. I want to get my degree and work for a good company.’
Peter:
‘I'm using JavaScript to make my website more interactive. After college, I'd like to try telecommuting. This is working at home, using e-mail to communicate with clients, want freedom, flexibility and long holidays, which you don't get by working in an office.’
3.Write E, К, M or P. Which student:
1 wants to work at home?
2 wants a secure job?
3 does not want to study in college?
4 wants to choose when to work?
5 wants to manage people?
6 likes working with data?
7 wants to be rich and successful?
8 uses a coding system for web pages?
Vocabulary
4.Underline the ways of expressing like or want in the quotes, then choose the correct answer.
1 _________ telecommuting to working in an office.
a I’d rather b I prefer с I like
2.________ to do a distance-learning course.
a I’d prefer b I'd rather с I don't like
3._________ working long hours all the time.
a I'd prefer b I don't like с It's good
4 _________ to work with computers all day as I think it would be
boring.
a I'd rather not b I wouldn't like с I don't like
5 ________ be a rich techno-nerd than poor and popular.
a I'd rather b I prefer с I like
6 ________ in being a secretary. I want a better job.
a I'm not interested b I'm thinking of с I don't like
Speaking
5 Work in groups. Rank the things you want from a job: 1 = most important, 10 = least important.
| a high salary ■ flexible working hours |
| ■ responsibility ■ interest or enjoyment |
| ■ a nice office ■ telecommuting |
| ■ long holidays ■ working with people |
| ■security ■ excitement/risk |
| ■ good benefits, e.g. a company car, gym membership |
Writing
6 Write a paragraph to say what kind of job you would like, and why.
Get real
| Choose an area of IT that you are interested in. Find information about courses offered by colleges and universities. Find other areas where there are jobs in IT. Report back to the class on what you need to start the course or to get a good job. |
