C) What are the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights?

Right to freedom of religion, speech, and press (amendment 1);

Right to assemble peaceably, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (amendment 1);

Right to keep and bear arms in common defense (amendment 2);

Right not to have soldiers quartered in one's own home in peacetime without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except as proscribed by law (amendment 3);

Right to be secure against "unreasonable searches and seizures" (amendment (4);

Right in general not to be held to answer to criminal charges except upon indictment by a grand jury (amendment 5);

Right not to be put twice in jeopardy for the same offense (amendment 5);

Right not to be compelled to be a witness against oneself in a criminal case (amendment 5);

Right not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law (amendment 5);

Right in a criminal prosecution to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, to be informed of the charges, to be confronted with witnesses, to have a compulsory process for calling witnesses in defense of the accused, and to have legal counsel (amendment 6);

Right to a jury trial in suits at common law involving over $20 (amendment 7);

Right not.to have excessive bail required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (amendment 8).

Task 3. a) What is meant by the "separation of powers" and "checks and balances" in the Federal Government?

The separation of powers and the checks and balances are two fundamental principles underlying the Constitution. They work together to prevent a tyrannous concentration of power in any one branch, to check and restrain Government, and, ultimately, to protect the rights and liberties of citizens. The Constitution contains provisions in separate articles for three branches of Government - legislative, executive, and judicial. There is a significant difference in the grants of power to these branches, each of which is also given an independent base of political power. The first article, dealing with legislative power, vests in Congress "All legislative powers herein granted"; the second article vests "The executive Power" in the President; and the third article states that "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish”. In addition to this separation and independence among the three branches, the Constitution sets up "auxiliary precautions," as James Madison called them in the Federalist Papers, that allow each branch to check and balance the others.

For instance, the President can veto bills approved by Congress and nominates individuals to the Federal judiciary; the Supreme Court can declare a law enacted by Congress or an action by the President unconstitutional; and Congress can impeach and remove the President and Federal court justices and judges.