Translate the sentences from English into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words

UNIT 1 Money Matters Basic Terms

 

Section 1 Personal Finance

 

Lead in

All the money a person receives or earns as payment is his or her income. This can include:

 

--- a salary: money paid monthly by an employer, or wages: money paid daily, hourly or weekly;

--- overtime: money received for working extra hours;

--- commission: money paid to salespeople and agents-- a certain percentage of the income an employee generates;

--- a bonus: extra money given for meeting a target or for the good financial results;

--- fees: money paid to professional people such as lawyers and architects;

--- social security: money paid by the government to unemployed and sick people;

--- a pension: money paid by a company or the government to a retired person.

 

Salaries and wages are often paid after deductions such as social security charges and pension contributions.

 

Amounts of money that people have to spend regularly are outgoings. These often include:

 

--- living expenses: money spent on everyday needs such as food, clothes and public transport;

--- bills: requests for the payment of money owed for services such as electricity, gas and telephone connections;

--- rent: the money paid for the use of a house or flat;

---a mortgage: repayments of money borrowed to buy a house or a flat;

--- health insurance: financial protection against medical expenses for sickness or accidental injuries;

--- tax: money paid to finance government spending.

 

Vocabulary

income	доход
overtime	плата за сверхурочную работу
commission	комиссионное вознаграждение
bonus	премия, премиальное вознаграждение, премиальная надбавка
fees	гонорар, оплата услуги, плата за услугу
social security	социальные пособия
outgoings	расходы
living expenses   living standards	расходы на проживание, стоимость жизни уровень жизни, жизненный уровень, материальное благосостояние
bill	счет к оплате
rent	квартирная плата, арендная плата
mortgage	ипотека/ ипотечный кредит, ссуда на покупку недвижимости
health insurance	медицинская страховка
VAT tax	налог на добавленную стоимость
take-home pay of wage and salary earners Syn. net earnings	чистая зарплата рабочих и служащих, чистый заработок
benefits Syn. fringe benefits, perks	соцпакет, льготы, компенсации (как правило, имеющие не денежный характер), льготы

NOTE:

1) BrE: social security; AmE: welfare

2) Do not use wages before a noun. Use wage • wage earners

Vocabulary Practice

1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below.

 

commute salary prospects promotion retire

pension ambitious perks increments commission

 

Job satisfaction is important but I have a wife and baby so I have to think about money too. If a job interests me, I need to know what (a) ___________ it offers and also whether there are regular annual increases, called (b) __________. I want to know if I will receive a (c) ______________ when I (d) __________ at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, I ask if I'll receive a percentage of the value of what I sell, called (e) __________. It is also important to know if there are extra advantages, like free meals or transport, or the free use of a car. These are called (f)__________ or fringe benefits. Are the future (g) _____________ good? For example, is there a good chance of (h) ______________ to a better job, with more money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? If it isn't, I'll have to (i) ____________ every day and this can be expensive. I am very keen to be successful. I am very (j) _____________. I don't want to stay in the same job all my life.

 

Translate the sentences from English into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. According to the latest data, the take-home pay of wage and salary earners continues to grow in spite of significant stagnation in the economy.

2. Exporters are exempt from VAT tax and are entitled to reimbursement of VAT on purchases of goods and services that they use as a part of their export activity.

3. Some employees get fixated on salary, but well rounded benefits like access to a gym or paid gym membership, great health insurance, and the like will draw in great talent as well.

4. If purchasing or refinancing a home is in your future, your credit score is particularly important, as it will determine the interest rate on your mortgage, or whether you're even eligible for a mortgage at all.

5. The term " rent " means a compensation paid by a tenant (or lessee) to the property owner (or lessor) for use or occupancy of a property.

6. The view that has emerged from demographic research over the past 20 years is that higher living standards reduce fertility and lower fertility improves living standards.

7. Former Merill Lynch CEO John Thain felt entitled to a year-end bonus, despite the company's loss of billions for its customers.

8. At the same time, rental property outgoings such as management fees, body corporate fees and maintenance will rise 10%.

9. While most businesses have set commissions for sales, a salesman's commission on a new car varies widely.For example, a car that has been sitting in the showroom for a long time will generally earn the salesman more of a commission if they sell it.

10. The company controls its own budget, sick pay, overtime, and consumable production materials.

 

 

3. Scan the definition and explain the difference between the terms "disposable income" and " discretionary income".

The term disposable income means gross income of an individual or firm from which direct taxes (such as PAYE, income tax) have been deducted. When essential expenditure (such as on food, clothing, shelter) is deducted from the disposable income, the balance is called discretionary income which the income earner is free to spend or save.

disposable income	располагаемый доход
discretionary income	дискреционный доход (часть чистого дохода потребителя, предназначенная для расходов по собственному усмотрению после обязательных расходов на налоги и на удовлетворение основных жизненных потребностей)
PAYE tax (pay-as- you-earn tax)	налог, автоматически вычитаемый из заработной платы(Великобритания)
income tax	подоходный налог, налог на доходы физических лиц
corporate income tax	налог на прибыль организаций.(В отношении юридических лиц употребляется слово "прибыль", слово "доходы" употребляется применительно к физическим лицам.)