Choose the correct answer. 1. Our teacher can / must / may speak three languages

1. Our teacher can / must / may speak three languages.

2. They were allowed to / might / could take every Friday off last year.

3. Your coat is quite new. You mustn't / needn't / can't buy another one.

4. I'd like to have to / to be able to / can play chess.

5. Students cannot / needn't / mustn't interrupt their teachers.

6. He said he might not / couldn't / needn't stay any longer.

7. I think I'll must / have to / can go and explain it to them.

8. Are you sure you'll can / be able to / may get to the bottom of it.

9.The woman got up and Grayson might / was able to / could see her face clearly before she switched off the light.

10. We might / had to / could not get the medicine and returned home without it.

11. Might / Must / May I have your book for a moment.

12. The boy may / will be allowed to / can drive my car if he passes his exam.

 

Keys

1. 1. must; 2. has to; 3. must; 4. must; 5. has to; 6. have (got) to; 7. have (got) to; 8. must; 9. must; 10. have to.

2. 1. must not; 2. do not have to; 3. must not; 4. must not; 5. do not have to;
6. must not; 7. don't have to; 8. don't have to; 9. mustn't; 10. don't have to.

3. 1. can; 2. were allowed to; 3. needn't; 4. to be able to; 5. mustn't; 6. couldn't;
7. have to; 8. be able to; 9. was able to; 10. could; 11. May; 12. will be allowed to.

 

Страдательный залог

В английском языке глаголы могут иметь два залога: действительный (the Active Voice) и страдательный (the Passive Voice). Глагол в действительном залоге показывает, что действие выполняется, совершается лицом или предметом, обозначенным подлежащим. Глагол в страдательном залоге показывает, что лицо или предмет, обозначенный подлежащим, испытывает воздействие или находится в определенном состоянии в результате какого-то воздействия.

Пассивная форма образуется следующим образом: to be + Participle II (для нестандартных глаголов – 3-я колонка таблицы, для стандартных – глагол с окончанием -ed).

Active	Passive
Simple
They build houses.	– Houses are built.
They built houses.	– Houses were built.
They will build houses.	– Houses will be built.
Continuous
They are building houses.	– Houses are being built.
They were building houses.	– Houses were being built.
They will be building houses.	– не образуется.
Perfect
They have built houses.	– Houses have been built.
They had built houses.	– Houses had been built.
They will have built houses.	– Houses will have been built.

В Perfect Continuous страдательный залог не употребляется.

Обратите внимание на образование вопросительного и отрицательного предложений:

The houses are built.

Are the houses built?

The houses are not built.

Дополнение с предлогом by в страдательном залоге часто опускается, если оно выражено личным местоимением.

Не broke the cup. – The cup was broken (by him). – Чашку разбили.

My brother broke the cup. – The cup was broken by my brother. – Чашка была разбита моим братом.

Если сказуемое в страдательной конструкции выражено глаголом с предлогом, то подлежащее переводят дополнением с соответствующим предлогом, а сказуемое – неопределенно-личной формой глагола:

She was waited for. – Ее ждали.

She was listened to. – Ее слушали.

She was looked at. – На нее посмотрели.

She was talked about. – О ней говорили.

She was sent for. – За ней послали.

She was laughed at. – Над ней смеялись.

The house was not lived in. – В доме не жили.

The bed was not slept in. – В кровати не спали.

Если сказуемое действительного залога выражено сочетанием модального глагола с инфинитивом, то в страдательном залоге ему соответствует сочетание того же модального глагола с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге:

Не must do it today. – It must be done today.

She should write the letter today. – The letter should be written today.

We must wash our hands before eating. – Our hands must be washed before eating.