2017-12-14
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The first major statement of social work practice theory was Mary Richmond's Social Diagnosis. She developed the original framework for the assessment construct. The term “diagnosis” was borrowed from medical terminology and became known as the medical model.
Richmond's work reflects a period when social sciences were highly influential on social work practice. Emphasis was on a broad study. It was assumed that a cause-effect relationship existed. The social worker was to look for the cause of the problem. The cause was generally assumed to be either moral inadequacy or lack of appropriate use of social resources.
The heart of the social work was the process of careful, thorough, systematic investigation of the evidence surrounding those in need of service. Then, putting that evidence together, the social worker gained an accurate picture of the situation. This was scientific philanthropy, a study of the social situation.
The description of the information to be gathered was comprehensive and specific. The sources to be used included not only the client but the family, other relatives, schools, medical sources, employers, neighbors, and pertinent documents.
The guiding principles were sociological in nature. Richmond defined diagnosis as the attempt to make a definition of the situation and the personality as exact as possible, that is, in relation to other human beings upon whom the client in any way depends or who depends on him, and in relation also to the social institutions of his community.
Тема 5: Social Education in the USA
The profession of social work is committed to enhance human well-being and to minimize poverty and oppression. It has four main purposes: 1) the maintenance of the functioning of individuals, families, groups and organizations, 2) the planning of social policies, services and programs, 3) the promotion of social and economic justice, 4) the development of professional knowledge.
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Associates Degree in Social Work is a two-year study at colleges. On graduating students are not considered as social workers, but as assistants.
Baccalaureate Degree in Social Work prepares students for general social work practice. It includes liberal arts and professional foundation content. Such education is fulfilled in colleges and universities.
Master’s Degree in Social Work prepares students for advanced social work practice. Social workers are trained as a practitioner. Students must integrate the knowledge, values and skills of this profession.
Curriculum includes only social work-based courses. They are two-year programs.
Doctoral Degree in Social Work is the highest level of social work education. It is an advanced preparation for research or teaching. Such education may be policy-, practice- or research-oriented. It prepares graduates for academic and teaching at the college or university level.
Words and word combinations
Associates Degree in Social Work – степень помощника социальной работы
Baccalaureate Degree in Social Work – степень бакалавра социальной работы
Master’s Degree in Social Work – степень мастера социальной работы
Doctoral Degree in Social Work – степень доктора социальной работы
practitioner - практик
