After reading activity. Task 1. Answer the following questions

Task 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What did ancient Greece Thales observe?

2. Who experimented with generating electricity in 1650-1750?

3. What was Volta famous for?

4. How was electricity being studied between 1800-1832?

5. What was the principle of Faraday’s experiments?

6. What was the next step in the evolution of electrical energy storage?

7. What improvements have been made since the beginning of 2000?

 

Task 2. Decide which of the following statements are true (T) or false (F):

1. People were fascinated with the electricity in form of lightning.

2. First experiments with electricity were held by physicist Otto von Guericke in 1750.

3. Then in 1729 was discovered electrical conductivity by Benjamin Franklin.

4. In 1794 Volta discovered the electrical interaction between two metals submerged in a solution.

5. The column battery was common known as Voltaic cell.

6. In 1800 William Nicholson researched decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

7. The advent of lead acid battery was a great step in evolution of electricity.

T	T	T	T	T	T	T
F	F	F	F	F	F	F

 

Task 3. Match the words with their synonyms:

1. ancestor 2. property 3. muscular 4. abandon 5. source 6. reaction 7. fluid 8. interaction 9. alternating 10. commonly

a. strong b. liquid c. attribute d. response e. forefather f. cooperation g. variable h. desolate i. usually j. origin

 

Task 4. Write down the antonyms of the next words. The first is done for you:

Example: 0. famous – u_____n (unknown);

1. different – s ______ r;

2. alternating – c ________ t;

3. modern – o __________ d;

4. improve – w _________n;

5. connect – d __________ t;

6. mobility – c __________ y;

7. separate – c __________ e;

8. positive – n __________ e;

 

Task 5. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from the text:

1. The number of competitions remained __________ over these five years.

2. _________ enough electricity to power homes of around eight million people.

3. This special metal shield will _______ a bullet from its course.

4. A guiding _________ was "allowing the community group to take control".

5. Nature begins from causes, and thence descends to __________.

6. ________ the truth of what i said.

7. One of the most important ___________ was a line of massive limestone blocks.

8. Bronze age it is a highly specialized foundry using the lost wax method to cast works in bronze and other non-ferrous _________.

9. __________ has been used in jewelry since antiquity. It is found chiefly along the southern shores of the Baltic Sea.

10. He remaining isolates, from two locations, appeared to comprise a _________of races.

 

Task 6. The definitions of the words are given. Find them in the text:

1. _________ a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact (noun);

2. _________ a device for varying the effective aperture of the lens in a camera or other optical system (noun);

3. _________ the action or process of discovering or being discovered (noun);

4. _________ able to be easily carried or moved, esp. because of being a lighter and smaller version than usual (adj.);

5. _________ a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent) (noun);

6. _________ a person who invented a particular process or device or who invents things as an occupation (noun);

7. _________ the ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process to the total energy expended or heat taken in (noun);

8. _________ chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions (noun);

9. _________ the chemical element of atomic number 30, a silvery-white metal that is a constituent of brass and is used for coating (galvanizing) iron and steel to protect against corrosion (noun);

10. _________ a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, esp. one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained (noun).

 

Task 7. Rearrange the letters in each jumbled word to get a correct one. Make up sentences with the correct words. The first is done for you:

Example: 0. ttecyclerii – electricity; In the UK, its power stations generate enough electricity to power homes of around eight million people.

1. glghntnii

2. nacetros

3. epprotyr

4. abenondda

5. bsuergem

6. eintratinco

7. tcosisetnn

8. eselcrolyist

9. lsouonti

10. tybatre

 

GRAMMAR

Modal Verbs

Task 8. Explain what express modal verb in each sentence:

1. Thales observed that an electric charge could be generated by rubbing amber.

2. When there is more wind power than we need, the surplus electricity can be used to generate hydrogen which is stored.

3. It said that physicists could have been wrong for forty years about the make-up of the universe.

4. You could measure conductivity of your peg solution to get a clue how much ionic stuff is present.

5. In New York City during Climate Week, is that at least 60% of the nation's electricity must come from solar power by 2020.

6. What does electricity have to do with the future of health and medicine?

7. Electrolytes are able to conduct electricity.

8. Is it able to convert electricity into propulsion force?

 

Task 9. Fill in the gaps with appropriate modal verb:

1. Imagine _______ to use electricity to power your car even if it's not an electric vehicle.

2. 50% of electricity _______ come from renewables by 2050 to avert global warming.