Text 2the Mediterranean

Задания

По дисциплине «Английский язык»

Студентам заочного отделения инженерного факультета

По специальности 1-740501 «мелиорация и водное хозяйство»,

Сельское строительство и обустройство территорий»

Для самостоятельной подготовки к сессии в 2015- 2016 г.

 

Теоретическая часть (знание грамматического материала будет проверяться в форме тестовых заданий во время сессии).

Студенты должны повторить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка:

Существительное. Образование форм множественного числа. Притяжательный падеж. Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные. Употребление артикля. Существительное в роли определения и его перевод на русский язык.

Местоимения. Личныеместоимения (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). Притяжательныеместоимения (my/mine, your/yours, her/hers, his, its, our/ours, their/theirs). Указательные местоимения (this – these, that – those). Вопросительные местоимения. Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения (some, any, no) и их производные.

Количественныесловаивыражения (much/many, little/few, a little/a few)

Прилагательные и наречия. Способы образования сравнительной и превосходной степени. Сравнительные конструкции.

Видовременные формы английского глагола в активном залоге.

PresentSimple; PresentContinuous; PastSimple; FutureSimple;

 

Практическая часть (тексты для домашнего чтения)

Дома со словарем прочитать пять текстов. Незнакомые слова и выражения из каждого текста выписать в тетрадь по абзацам. Во время сессии при сдаче домашнего чтения тетрадями с новыми словами можно пользоваться, нельзя пользоваться готовым переводом.

 

 

Text 1. Eurasia

Text 2The Mediterranean

Text 3. The N etherlands

Text 4. Japan

Text 5. Bangladesh

Text 1 EURASIA

Eurasia’s dominance in world history is explained by its great extent, climate zones, and the availability of Eurasian animals and plants suitable for domestication. The Silk Road symbolizes trade and cultural exchange linking Eurasian cultures through history. The Silk Road is an ancient route along which silk was carried from China and across central Asia to the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe.

Agriculture includes large-scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping, organized irrigation, and the use of a specialized labour force. Sumerians were the first to start practising agriculture about 5,500 BC. In Sumer, barley was the primary crop; wheat, flax, dates, apples, plums, and grapes were grown as well. Mesopotamia was blessed with flooding from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, but floods came in late spring or early summer from snow melting from the Anatolian mountains. This, along with salt deposits in the soil, made farming in Mesopotamia difficult. Sheep and goats were also domesticated, kept mainly for meat and milk, butter and cheese being made from the latter. The land was plowed by teams of oxen pulling light unwheeled plows and grain was harvested with sickles in the spring. Wagons had solid wheels covered by leather tires kept in position by copper nails and were drawn by oxen. Animals were harnessed by collars, yokes, and headstalls. They were controlled by reins, and a ring through the nose or upper lip and a strap under the jaw. As many as four animals could pull a wagon at one time.

 

Text 2THE MEDITERRANEAN

The Mediterranean Sea was an important route for merchants and travelers of ancient times that allowed for trade and cultural exchange between emergent peoples of the region: the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Phoenician, Carthaginian, Greek, Levantine, Roman, Moorish and Turkish cultures.

There was a great deal of commerce between the provinces of the Roman Empire. All the regions of the empire became interdependent with one another. Some provinces specialized in the production of grain, others in wine and others in olive oil, depending on the soil type. Cows provided milk, oxen and mules did the heavy work on the farm. Sheep and goats were cheese producers, but were prized even more for their hides. Horses were not important to Roman farmers, most were raised by the rich for racing or war. Sugar production centered on beekeeping. Some Romans raised snails as luxury items. Some crops grown on Roman farms include wheat, barley, millet, pea, bean, lentil, flax, sesame, chickpea, hemp, turnip, olive, pear, apple, fig, and plum.

The Romans are remembered especially as skilled and effective soldiers, who gradually gained control of the whole of Italy and then of large parts of Europe (including Britain), north Africa, and western Asia. The Romans were great builders and engineers, who built roads, water supply systems, and many large public buildings. They are also remembered for the public shows in which gladiators fought and killed each other and Christians were killed by lions.