Spring Campaing
Summer Democratic Convention |
Primary elections Primary elections
Republican Convention Campaing
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I *ftm* i / ряевюент /
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General election
OELANEY |
Inauguration Day January 20th w |
January
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Ex. S3. Перестройте предложения так, чтобы получился краткий пересказ Текста 2.
1. Americans who want to vote must put down their names in a
register before the election.
2. Each state can determine its own registration procedure.
3. Any American citizen, over 18 years of age has the rights to vote.
4. There is always a number of citizens who can vote but don't.
5. There is a different registration law for each state.
Ex. 14. Прочитайте текст без словаря и расскажите его содержание по-русски. The Electoral College (Коллегия выборщиков)
When the citizens vote for the President, they are really voting for state electiors. These electors form the Electoral College. Every state has electors. The number of electors equals the number of senators + the number of trepresentatives in a state. For example, Alaska has two senators and one representatives. So, Florida has 21 electors. This is what happens:
1. Citizens of a state vote.
2. Their votes are counted.
3. One candidate has 51% or more of the votes.
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4. This candidate wins all the electoral votes of that state.
5. The electoral votes of all the states are counted.
6. The candidate with the most electoral votes becomes the
President.
Ex. 15. Расскажите по-английски, как проходят выборы в России, Используйте данные вопросы.
1. How many political parties are there in Russia?
2. Who can vote in this country?
3. How do people vote in this country?
4. How often do we have elections?
5. Does the law say, "All adult citizens must vote"?
6. Is there a fine or punishment if you do not vote?
7. Is the election process in Russia the same as in the USA?
8. What election process is more democratic? Give your reasons.
Ex» 16. Вспомните или выучите следующие слова и выражения.
the system of checks and balances — система сдержек и противовесов
to favour — зд. поддерживать extremes - крайности
in comparison with — по сравнению с
powers, separation of powers - полномочия, разделение полномочий
to request — требовать to reject — отклонять to approve — одобрять to make laws - создавать законы
Ex. 17. А. Прочитайте текст без словаря.
Text3
CHECKS AND BALANCES
The U.S.Constitution establishes three branches for the federal government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The three branches work together to help the country. Each branch has its own responsibilities and powers. No branch has more power than the other branches. They have balanced powers. Each branch has separate duties to check the powers of the other branches.
When a new state - the USA - was born, the Founders of the state thought that if there was no balance of power among different branches of a government it would lead to tyranny. The problem was how to create a system of government with balanced powers. That's why James Madison (1751-1836) favoured the constitution that limited government by means of
a) separation of powers
b) a system of checks and balances, where checks — limitation of the
duties of each branch, and balances — separate powers to each branch
Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can pass a law over a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges: they, too must be approved by the Senate.
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The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. In the US, therefore, when people think of "the government", they usually mean the whole system, that is, the Executive Branch and the President, Congress, and the courts.
In fact and in practice, therefore, the President (i.e. "the Administration") is not as powerful as many people think he is. In comparison with other leaders in systems where the majority party forms "the government", he is even less powerful.
В. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. Why is the system of checks and balances necessary?
a) because it separates the executive, legislature and judicial
branches of government
b)because it keeps any branch from using too much power or
misusing it and makes each branch check on the others
c) because it limits the President's powers.
2. What is the role of compromise in the American system of running a
country?
a) it helps the Congress to pass a law
b) it protects against extreme in government policies
c) it helps the President to veto any act of Congress
Ex. 18. Прочитайте текст еще раз со словарем и выделите предложения, которые непосредственно раскрывают смысл заглавия текста.
Ex. 19. Объясние по-английски:
1. unconstitutional law
2. a rejected law
3. a law passed over the President's veto
Ex. 20. Используя данную схему, расскажите о системе сдержек и
противовесов.
Checks and balances
can override the veto |
must approve treaties |
appoints officials |
must approve appointments |
can impeach the president |
■ ^Appoints judges |
►jMust approve judgey |
Can say president's action is unconstitu tional |
► [Can impeach judges^ |
Can say law is unconstitutional |
passes laws
Ex. 21. Прочитайте текст без словаря.
Text 4