2017-10-25
649
4 вариант
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. Lomonosov is considered to be a great Russian scientist.
2. We know the wave theory of light to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hooke in 1665.
3. Nearly all refrigerators to be used at home are based upon the principle that the rapid evaporation of a liquid or the expansion of a gas produce cooling.
II. Найдите и подчеркните в предложении герундий, предложения перепишите и переведите на русский язык.
1. Measuring distances to the planets and stars has a lot of difficulties.
2. There are different ways of obtaining oxygen.
3. Heating this substance up to 85oC was absolutely necessary.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If the pressure of gas remains constant its volume will be proportional to its absolute temperature.
2. If the service life of an instrument had been prolonged, the economic effect would have been increased many times.
3. It would be impossible to ensure the full supply of energy without atomic power stations.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1 по 5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.
Electronics – Science of the Future
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1. In our country much attention is given to electronics, which is playing a major part in economic development. Russian scientists and engineers have many achievements to their credit (на своем счету) in this field. One outstanding example is space.
2. Electronics, however, has not only helped us to reach cosmic expanses but has given us an insight into the world of the most minute organisms – viruses. For instance, a modern electronic microscope shows the processes taking place in ultra-microscopic formations of a living cell. Now it is possible to distinguish details being a millionth of a millimetre away from each other.
3. Electronics is in many ways helping us to solve the problem of the peaceful uses of atomic energy, and to study atomic nuclei and elementary particles. We know electronics to have found broad application in industry as a means (средство) of automation, control and inspection, and as a direct means of fulfilling such operations as melting, cutting of superhard materials, welding, etc.
4. The electron beam acting like a micro-miniature instrument can cut, bore, mill or plane any material, including tungsten and diamond, with an accuracy to within microns. Quantum generators can focus light in extremely narrow beams, their angular width being in the order of (порядка, около) a thousandth of a degree. These instruments are called lasers and they can be used for cutting, drilling, welding and other treatment of materials.
5. The lasers are also used in studying the properties of various substances, in radioengineering, medicine, biology, etc. Scientists believe that such a beam of light will make it possible to establish contact with the stellar system closest to our planet.
V. Прочтите 5 абзац текста и ответьте письменно на вопрос
What branches of engineering and science can lasers be used in?
