2017-11-01
1349
It is known that much is being have done in the world today for the development of non- traditional sources of energy.
Without them the Earth cannot support its present population of 5 billion people and probably 8 billion people in the 21st century.
`Now we are using traditional powerhouses, that is, oil, natural gas, coal, water power with the consumption for more than 50 billion barrels per year. It is evident these sources are not unlimited.
That is why it is so important to use such renewable sources for energy as the sun, wind, geothermal energy and others. Research is being carried out in these fields.
One of the most promising (перспективный) research is the development of power stations with direct transformation of solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo – effect. It was Russian that was the first in the world to develop and test a photoelectric battery of 32, 000 – volts and effective area of only 0,5 sq. m., which made it possible to concentrate solar radiation. This idea is now being intensively developed in many countries.
However, the efficiency of a solar power station is considerably reduced because of the limited time of its work during the year. But it is possible to improve the efficiency of solar power stations by developing electric power stations with the use of a thermal – chemical cycle. It will operate on products of the transformation of solar energy, whereas me ‘’ SOLAR‘’ chemical reactor uses CO2 and water steam of the thermal power station/ The result is that we have a closed cycle.
In Kamchatka there are geothermal, power stations operating on hot water- steam mixture from the depths of about a kilometer. In some projects water will be heated by the warmth of mountains at a depth of four- five km.
It is planned that plants working on the energy of the solar heat provided by the sun will be built on a larger scale.
That different wind energy plants are being developing is also well- known. These energy plants can be small (of several kilowatts) and large powerful systems.
It is important that all these advances in developing new sources of energy and improving the old ones help to solve the energy problem as a whole and they do not have negative effects on the environment.
