General Conditions of sale

They correspond to "Standard Conditions of Sale" in contracts of some British companies. The amount of information in General Conditions varies from contract to contract depending on the traditions of the contracting firms and the volume of delivery. General Conditions may include, for example, in small orders, such items as Shipping Specification, inspection, Guarantee and Claims. Conditions of Transportation, Force Majeure Circumstances, Arbitration and Sanctions, and are printed on the reverse side of the order form. In many standard contracts, however, these items are given as separate clauses (articles) and General Conditions (Provisions) only comprise the following information: they may begin with the definition of the date of delivery: "The date of the Bill of Lading or the date of the stamp on the railway bill, road or airway bills is to be considered as the date of delivery ". Sometimes the definition is contained in other clauses, such as "Shipping "or "Delivery Dates". Also, they may contain indication about the proper law of the contract applied. For instance, "The Swedish Civil and Commercial Law shall be applied to this Contract "or "The Contract shall be governed by English Law".

But as a rule it is given in detail in the clause "Arbitration" Other items under General Conditions may he: "All taxes, dues and customs duties on the territory of the Sellers country arc borne by the Sellers On the territory of the Buyers country they are borne by the Buyers if they are connected with the fulfillment of this Contract. Neither party shall have the right to assign the rights nor obligations under this Contract to any third party without the written consent of the other party.

In case of non -fulfillment or improper fulfillment by the Sellers of their obligations under this Contract, the Sellers are to reimburse to the Buyers the losses suffered by them. Appendices, addenda and amendments to the Contract are only valid (or shall be effective) and shall make an integral part of the Contract if made (issued) in writing and signed by the contracting parties. All enclosures to the General Conditions as well as to the Contract are regarded as an integral pan

thereof All negotiations and correspondence preceding the conclusion of this Contract and pertaining to it become null and void on the date of its signing. This Contract is signed in (the name of the place) on the (the date) in duplicate (in 2 copies), each in the Russian and English languages, one copy for each party, both texts being authentic (or having equal force), and will become effective from (or comes into effect as on) the date of its signing.

2. Find English equivalents.

1) печатаются на обратной стороне заказа

2) определение даты поставки

3) ни одна сторона не имеет права передавать

4) в случае невыполнения или ненадлежащего исполнения

5) без письменного согласия другой стороны

6) объем поставки

7) в двух экземплярах

8) теряют силу в день его подписания

Find pairs of synonyms.

1) condition a) dues

2) a shipper b) a stale

3) to reimburse c) execution

4) to suffer d) to bear

5) fulfillment e) to refund

6) taxes f) an exporter

Answer the questions.

1) What is called "General Conditions of Sale"?

2) What does the amount of information contained in them depend on?

3) What clauses of the contract may comprise such items as shipping instructions, inspection, guarantees, force major circumstances, claims, sanctions and arbitrations?

4) Where may the definition of the date of delivery be given?

5) What is to be considered the date of delivery if the goods are carried by sea?

6) What is to be considered the date of delivery if the goods are carried by rail?

7) Where may the proper law of the contract be given9 Why is it important?

8) What kind of expenses may be mentioned in the General Conditions?

9) What information always belongs under the General Conditions (what information is the General Conditions proper)?

Find the proper form of abbreviations.

I) RAD a) signature

2) sig b) invoice

3) memo c) memorandum

4) Co d) research and development

5) a.f. e) as follows