Answer the questions to the text

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1) What must be done before selling goods?

2) What does market research mean?

3) Where can the information needed be obtained from?

4) What is marketing?

5) What fields of business activities does it cover?

6) What was the main purpose of marketing in advanced countries?

7) What is the purpose of advertising?

8) How may the goods be advertised?

9) What does the choice of media for advertising depend on?

5. Read the text and retell the contents in Russian:

William Gates

Gates, William Henry, American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation, born in Seattle, Washington. Gates cofounded Microsoft in 1975 with Paul Allen, his high school friend and partner in computer language development from 1967. Fascinated by computers by the age of 12, Gates had been involved with various programming projects throughout high school. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates teamed with Allen to develop a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the MITS Altair, the first personal computer. This work on BASIC for the Altair led Gates to drop out of Harvard in 1977 to pursue full-time his vision of «a computer on every desk and in every home,» the idea behind the Microsoft Corporation. In the early 1980’s, Gates led Microsoft’s evolution from a developer of computer programming languages to a diversified computer software company producing computer operating systems and applications software as well as programming tools. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates took a personal role in convincing other computer companies to standardize on MS-DOS, fueling computer industry growth in the 1980’s through software compatibility. Gates also pushed Microsoft toward the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word word processing software for the IBM-PC. A key strategic move by Gates was to agree to develop application software for the Apple Macintosh prior to the release of the first Mac in 1984. This led to a strong position for Microsoft in applications that take advantage of the graphical user interface (GUI).

Much of Gates’ success rests on his ability to translate technical visions into market strategy, and to blend creativity with technical acumen. His willingness to bet on new technologies such as Microsoft Windows, Windows NT, and workgroup applications has paid off in keeping Microsoft at the forefront of computer hardware and software evolution.

Вариант 3

1. Read and translate the text:

THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW SCIENCE-INTENSIVE GOODS ON THE CHARACTER OF MODERN TRADE

Trade in electronic and automation products, products of biotechnology and atomic power equipment brings about the development of the rendering the Buyers a wide range of services.

Since any fault in the production process of high-tech equipment may result in - irreparable damage and very heavy losses, much effort has been made to develop devices and technique to monitor the whole technological process including maintenance automatically.

That explains why some companies set up special new departments whose task is to improve the after-sales servicing.

A turnkey basis which was previously used for the sale of complete equipment for factories, is now widely applied in trade of computer and lab instruments complexes, communication and radio-measuring equipment, laser machining centers, etc.

Also, R & D and design centers are opened in the countries of future potential Buyers to meet the requirements of the customers to a high level.

As a rule the center has a number of automated design points in the country and is connected via a satellite communications system with the owner's R&D center.

So in this case "after-sales service" consists in improving and modifying the software packages sold and is rendered for additional charges.

Similarly there is a market for such services as technological consultations.

Give English equivalents to the Russian ones.

1) погрешность в производственном процессе

2) технологические консультации по выбору оборудования

3) очень большие потери

4) переработка промышленных отходов

5) улучшение и модификация проданных пакетов информации

6) удовлетворять требованиям потребителя

7) прилагаются большие усилия для разработки

8) послепродажное обслуживание

9) может привести к непоправимому ущербу