2018-02-14
434
A
a) Jane is angry because
b) Anne is disappointed because
c) Kate is happy because
d) Mary is worried because
B
1) she has just taken a cake out of the oven and it is burnt.
2) she has eaten too many candies and may put on the weight.
3) she has already cooked dinner but her relatives haven’t come yet.
4) she has found money.
Make up 5 sentences about yourself using adjectives: excited, interested, nervous, merry, jealous
Exercise #6 Complete the sentences replacing the infinitives in brackets by the Present Perfect, the Present Indefinite, or the Past Indefinite:
1. What (you, eat) since you (get up)? – I (eat) a sandwich and (drink) a glass of orange juice in the morning. And, besides, I (have) just a bite.
2. How many times a day (you, have) your meals? How many times (you, eat) today? How many times (you, eat) yesterday?
3. (You, know) something about Ukraine’s food industry? – We (hear) just a lecture on this topic.
4. (You, taste) this cottage cheese? - I (not eat) dairy products since I (be) a child. Now I (have) a food allergy.
5. How long (you, work) here? – I (work) here for ten years. For the first time I (come) to the restaurant when I (be) 23.
6. What (be) your favourite fruit? – I (like) apples. – You (taste) ever a mango? – Yes, I (taste) it. I (taste) it two months ago.
Unit 10 Drinks and Beverages
1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
beverage – на́пій;
liquid – рідина; syn. fluid;
e.g. Beverage is any liquid that can be drunk by people.
consumption – спожива́ння;
to consist of – складатись з
e.g. Сocktail usually consists of one or more alcoholic beverages and perhaps some non-alcoholic drinks.
tap water – сира вода;
concentrate – концентрат;
e.g. To get juice from concentrate you must dilute it with tap water.
soft drink – безалкого́льний нaпiй;
hard drink – алкого́льний нaпiй;
ginger – імбир;
squash – фруктовий напій з соку;
artificial – штучний
e.g. While natural or pure juice is more useful, artificial one is cheaper.
to be diluted with – бути розба́вленим чимось;
yogurt – йо́гурт;
milkshake – молочний коктейль;
egg nog – гаря́че пи́во або вино́ з жовтко́м, зте́ртим з молоко́м і цукром:
e.g. Egg nog is a drink made of milk or cream, eggs, sugar, spice, and sometimes an alcoholic beverage such as brandy, bourbon, rye, or rum, traditionally served in winter, especially at Christmas.
to ferment – виклика́ти броді́ння, броди́ти;
e.g. Drinks created by fermenting are beer, wine, and cider.
to distill – переганя́ти, гна́ти (cпupт тoщo);
liqueur – лікер;
liquor – 1) напій; 2) спиртний напій;
cider – сидр:
e.g. Cider made of apples is a national British beverage.
ptisan – 1) пожи́вний відва́р (ocoбл. я́чний); 2) чай з ромашки;
substance – речови́на́;
preference – перева́га;
to prefer – надавати перевагу
2. Read and translate the text: Drinks and Beverages
Drink is a liquid that is fit for drinking; a beverage. A beverage is a drink specifically prepared for human consumption. Beverages almost always consist of water. These include:
• water, from the tap or from a bottle;
• juices (e.g. fruit juices and vegetable juices, which may be fresh or made from a concentrate);
• soft drinks. The soft drink is a drink that does not contain alcohol, as opposed to a hard drink, which does. In general, the term is used only for cold beverages. Hot chocolate, tea, and coffee are not considered soft drinks. The term originally referred exclusively to carbonated drinks, and is still commonly used in this manner.
1. Lemonade
2. Orange drink
3. Carbonated drinks, including just carbonated water
4. Cola
5. Ginger ale
6. Root beer, Sarsaparilla
7. Cream soda
8. Squash, an artificial juice to be diluted with water
• sports drinks;
• dairy drinks, for example milk, yogurt drink, chocolate milk, milkshake, egg nog;
• alcoholic beverages. Fermented alcoholic beverages (limited to a maximum 25 percent alcohol) have been known since pre-historical times. Distilled beverages were invented by Islamic alchemists in the 8th or 9th centuries.
• cocktails - mixed drinks, usually containing one or more distilled alcoholic beverages and perhaps non-alcoholic drinks, ice and sometimes liqueur, fruit, sauce, honey, spices, etc.
• hot beverages, for example coffee, tea, hot chocolate, hot cider, ptisan, and cappuccino.
Some substances may be called either food or drink, and accordingly be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending on solid ingredients in it and on how thick it is, and on preference. They are soups and yogurt.
3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the difference between “drink” and “beverage”?
2. What alcoholic beverages do you know?
3. What soft drinks can you name?
4. What is squash?
5. What is cocktail?
6. Where were distilled beverages invented?
7. How many per cent of alcohol must fermented beverages have?
8. Are tea and coffee considered soft drinks?
9. Is soup a food or drink? Prove your point of view.
10. What drinks do you prefer?
4. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following:
beverage, to be fit for, concentrate, as opposed to, exclusively, ginger ale, sarsaparilla, to be diluted with, egg nog, fermented alcoholic beverages, distilled beverages, ptisan, either … or
5. Give English equivalents of the following:
рідина, фруктовий сік, овочевий сік, газований напій, спочатку, відноситись до, штучний, сарсапарель, молочний коктейль, алхімік, лікер, твердий, густа речовина, відповідно
6. a) Match the synonyms:
| liquid | primarily |
| to invent | to comprise |
| to contain | ordinarily |
| commonly | to design |
| originally | predilection |
| preference | fluid |
| solid | to exclude |
| thick | natural |
| fresh | ordinarily |
| to include | watery |
| artificial | liquid |
7. Match and learn the following definitions:
| Drink | a soft drink that is intended to quench thirst faster than water and replenish the sugar and minerals lost from the body during physical exercise |
| Beverage | a liquid made bubbly and gaseous by introducing carbon dioxide into it |
| Juice | a drink other than water (formal) (used mainly in commercial contexts) |
| Alcohol | liquid that can be drunk |
| Sports Drink | liquid that is contained in fruit or vegetables, or a drink made from this liquid |
| Carbonated Drink | colourless intoxicating liquid |
8. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
The work of a barman is very demanding: he must know how to do different …, be … and polite. Some visitors may ask to do some hot drinks: …, …, or …. He must remember to suggest … or dried apricots to accompany tea, … … for coffee. Clients may prefer … drinks: juice or …. … juice is cheaper but … juice is more useful. A barman should also know all … of cocktails, … alcoholic … soft. One … called “Bloody Mary” consists of …, … and …. His patrons can order any … …, such as milk, …, … or …
9.Put questions to the italicized words:
1. Some substances may be called either food or drink. 2. Islamic alchemists invented distilled beverages in the 8th or 9th centuries. 3. Fermented alcoholic beverages have been known since pre-historical times. 4. Beverages almost always consist of water. 5. Many people like to drink alcoholic cocktails. 6. We went to the café to have a bite and to drink milk cocktails.
10.Translate into English (use Ex. 7):
1. Напої втамовують спрагу і поповнюють цукор та мінерали, які ми втрачаємо.
2. Газованими напоями називають шипучі холодні напої, які можуть містити концентрат або свіжий сік.
3. У нашому закладі відповідно до ваших уподобань ви можете замовити будь-який молочний напій: молочний коктейль з соком, вино з жовтком, зтертим з молоком і цукром або шоколадне молоко.
4. Спиртні напої діляться на дві групи в залежності від способу приготування: за допомогою бродіння чи дистиляції.
5. Щоб заспокоїтись Вам варто випити або чаю з молоком, або чаю з ромашки.
11. Divide the words into groups under the headings:
| ptizan | cocktail | tea | grog | milkshake | eggnog | juice |
rum, sugar, lemon juice, orange, almonds, camomile, fruit juice, slice of lemon, wine, ice cream, jam, egg, China tea, vodka, water, liqueur, apple, salt, cinnamon
b) Write down the procedure of preparing using the following verbs: add, stir, shake, pour, fill, and percolate
12. a) Read the quotations and express your opinion:
Alcohol is like love: the first kiss is magic, the second is intimate, the third is routine.
(Raymond Chandler (1888 – 1959)
Water is the only drink for a wise man.
(Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862)
There are few things in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.
(Henry James (1843 – 1916)
b) Learn the tongue-twisters:
A cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.
If you stick a stock of liquor in your locker,
It is slick to put a lock upon your stock,
For some joker who is quicker will rob you of your liquor
if you fail to lock your liquor with a lock.
c) Make up dialogues based on one of the situations:
1) You are representing our country at the international competition of cocktail-makers: discuss what you would present: ingredients and way of preparing.
2) Discuss what drinks you prefer to drink, when and why; what drinks you do not like at all.
3) You are a customer and a waiter: ask what the waiter can recommend and say what you would like. The waiter should describe components and try to persuade.
Exercise #1. Identify which action took the first place (1st) in the past and which action took the second place (2nd):
e.g. I laughed when I saw my son. He had poured a bowl of noodles on top of his head.
a) 2nd I laughed.
b) 1st My son poured a bowl of noodles on his head.
1. I had poured water into the cup and drank tea.
a) ___ I drank tea
b) ___ I poured water
2. I went to have a bite; you didn’t want to go with me. You had gone before.
a) ___ I went to have a bite
b) ___ You went to have a bite
3. Carol could not prepare milkshake. The milk in the fridge had spoilt.
a) ___ Carol could not prepare milkshake
b) ___ The milk in the fridge spoilt
4. I looked for Bob, but he had left the building.
a) ___Bob left the building
b) ___I looked for Bob
Exercise #2. Combine expressions putting them in correct tenses (Past – Indefinite, Continuous or Perfect) to make a sentence:
e.g. to make a cocktail – to drink a cocktail
I drank the cocktail which he had made for his friend.
1. to look for a recipe – to write a recipe on a piece of paper
2. to turn off the light – to be dark in the room
3. to drink lemonade – to work hard
4. to drink tea – not to want to drink
5. to be there for an hour – to come there
Exercise # 3. Put all possible questions to the sentences:
1. By eleven o’clock Cathy had finished her work.
2. We had prepared the report by Friday.
3. When I came they had served the table and were waiting for us.
4. I had already ordered the drinks when he arrived.
Exercise # 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect:
1. Yesterday we (to prepare) a cocktail the recipe of which you (to give) us several days before. 2. He (to order) a sport drink in the bar because he (to lose) much water doing physical exercises. 3. Martin (to dilute) milk which his assistant (to buy) the day before. 4. I (to be sure) that you (to eat) cottage cheese because the fridge (to be) empty. 5. John (to notice) that Mary (to stop) suddenly in the hall looking at something in the living room.
Exercise # 5. Translate into English:
1. Коли він прийшов, ми вже замовили чай з кексами. 2. Він поставив чайник, дістав чашки і нарізав лимон, який купив в крамниці навпроти. 3. Ми зробили коктейль з вина, яке купили минулого року. 4. Він повідомив, що ми вже виконали всі замовлення і отримали оплати за них.
Unit 11 Catering Establishments
1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:
establishment – за́клад; syn: organization;
beverage – на́пій;
catering – громадське харчування;
e.g. Catering reveals the prosperity of the country. to cater – постачати; e.g. to cater a banquet; He owned a business that caters banquets and weddings. caterer – той, хто займається громадським харчуванням, постачальник
to undertake (undertook, undertaken) – бра́тися; syn: attempt, set about;
to undertake a job – братись за роботу; to undertake to deliver the goods – займатись доставкою товарів
snack-bar – закусочна;
snack – закуска; to snack – перекусити;
lounge – кімна́та (мі́сце) відпочи́нку;
e.g. She spent the whole evening in the departure lounge. to lounge – відпочивати, марнувати час;
luxurious – розкі́шний; syn: de luxe, expensive, magnificent; ant: austere, economical, poor; e.g. luxurious restaurant, luxurious furniture luxury – 1) розкіш: to be lapped in luxury – утопати в розкоші; 2) насолода: the luxury of good food.
luxuriously – розкішно;
to engage – займа́тися; syn: occupy, involve, tie up;
e.g. We were engaged in catering and enlarged our business.
take-out food – їжа «з собою»
licensed – що ма́є дозвіл; syn: authorized, entitled, permitted; ant: banned, prohibited;
license (lisence) – ліцензія to license (to lisence) – давати дозвіл: to license a restaurant to sell spirits.
driving licence – права водія; lisence plate – номерний знак
e.g. Table licence is a licence authorizing the sale of alcoholic drinks with meals only.
mobile – рухомий; syn: moving, movable, changeable; ant: stable, invariable, constant;
canteen – буфет, їда́льня (npи зaвoдi, ycтaнoвi); primarily – головни́м чином; syn: principally; chiefly; mainly; ant. secondary, following;
wrapped – загорнутий;
premises – pl буди́нок; syn. building;
tavern – таве́рна;
to focus on – зосере́джувати;
to range – коливатися в пе́вних ме́жах; syn: fluctuate between, vary between;
e.g. The ages of staff range from 19 to 61. The services provided range from luxurious dinner to wrapped sandwich.
casual – випадко́вий; syn: incidental, unexpected, occasional; ant: deliberate, expected, planned;
dessert – десе́рт;
to resemble somebody – бу́ти схо́жим на когось; syn: be similar to, look like, duplicate;
resemblance – схожість to bear resemblance to – бу́ти схо́жим на e.g. It’s not very good to resemble other place. There is a faint resemblance between them.
pub – пивна, бар;
spirits – (звuч. pl) алкого́ль, спирт, спиртни́й напі́й;
fare – ва́ртість; syn: charge, price, cost;
e.g. Fares will rise as from January 11. The usual fare for our services is 100$.
crisps – хрустка картопля
crisp – хрусткий; syn: brittle, crunchy; ant: soft, wilted;
ploughman's lunch – "сніданок плугаря " (хліб з сиром);
greasy spoon – дешева закусочна;
delicatessen (deli) – гастрономі́чний магазин;
fry machine – фритюрниця;
niche – ніша; syn: position, place, calling;
e.g. This café fills a niche of its own.
to niche – зручно влаштовуватись;
omelette – яє́чня, омлет:
e.g. You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.
2. Read and translate the text: Catering Establishments
There is a great amount of places where catering is undertaken: from snack-bars, lounges and coffee-shops to luxurious restaurants. According to Standard Industrial Classification food and beverage service establishments are divided into 2 groups: establishments primarily engaged in operating restaurants, take-out food and catering services and ones primarily engaged in serving alcoholic beverages. The first group includes restaurants (licensed and unlicensed), mobile canteens or places in private halls, camps, deli and many others. By take-out food services we mean establishments primarily engaged in preparing and selling packaged or wrapped food to the public for consumption away from the premises. The second group includes taverns, bars and night clubs.
But there are also some establishments that like coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café share some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing coffee and tea as well as light snacks. Other food may range from baked goods to soups and sandwiches, other casual meals, and light desserts. In some countries, cafes may more closely resemble restaurants, offering a range of hot meals, and possibly being licensed to serve alcohol.
A public house, usually known as a pub, is a drinking establishment found mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries influenced by British culture. Pubs are social places for the sale and consumption of mainly alcoholic beverages, and most public houses offer a wide range of beers, wines, and spirits. Traditionally pubs in Britain were drinking establishments and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food. The usual English snack food consisted of crisps and peanuts. If a pub served meals they were usually basic dishes such as a ploughman's lunch. Food has now become much more important as part of a pub's trade and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners in addition to snacks consumed at the bar. Many pubs serve excellent meals which rival the best restaurants and going for a 'pub lunch' can be a real treat.
Restaurants differ in type of services and food served. A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized by food which is supplied quickly after ordering and by minimal service. A fast casual restaurant is a type of restaurant which is similar to a fast-food restaurant in that it does not offer full table service, but promises a somewhat higher quality of food and atmosphere. “Greasy spoon” is a small restaurant specializing in short-order fried foods. The typical “greasy spoon” serves mainly fried or grilled food, for example: fried eggs, chips, bacon, black pudding, burgers, waffles, pancakes, omelettes, sausages and mushrooms. A delicatessen is something between a fast-food restaurant and a grocery store. It offers a much wider and fresher menu than chain fast food restaurants, never employing fry machines and always making sandwiches to order.
All types of catering establishments tend to be popular in certain periods with certain cultures. To find your niche in the food service industry is possible if you study carefully customers’ wants, market, and national peculiarities.
3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the classification of food and beverage service establishments?
2. How can we define take-out food?
3. Which group includes taverns, bars and night clubs?
4. How does a bar differ from a restaurant?
5. What are the characteristics of coffeehouse?
6. In what way do cafes resemble restaurants in some countries?
7. Where can pubs be found?
8. What are the functions of pub?
9. What is the difference between fast food restaurant, “greasy spoon” and fast casual restaurant?
10. What does one’s success in food service industry depend on?
4. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following:
Catering, snack-bar, luxurious, take-out food, deli, establishment, engaged, consumption, camp, coffeehouse, pub, night club, to share, spirits, ploughman's lunch, in addition to, treat, to supply, to rival, fast casual restaurant, grocery store, baked good, emphasis, to rival, quality of food
5. Give English equivalents of the following:
місце відпочинку, зайнятий, їдальня, випічка, установа, приміщення, подавати, споживання, наголос, торгівля, обслуговування, характеризуватись, схожий, мережа, ніша, ринок, особливості, мати схильність до, мінімальний, розподіляти
6. a) Match the synonyms:
| niche | to suggest |
| peculiarity | to concentrate |
| to tend | place, position |
| similar | resembling |
| to offer | characteristic |
| to focus on | spirits |
| alcoholic beverages | to be liable to |
| b) Match the antonyms: | |
| to undertake | economical |
| similar | to give up |
| to serve | private |
| luxurious | to license |
| to ban | to order |
| public | different |
7. Match and learn the following definitions:
| restaurant | a small informal restaurant serving drinks, snacks, and often light meals |
| bar | a store specializing in imported or unusual foods and ingredients, for example, cooked meats, cheeses, and pickles |
| lounge | a place where meals and drinks are sold and served to customers, usually at separate tables with high level of services |
| cafe | a place where alcoholic drinks can be bought and drunk |
| delicatessen | a room in a hotel or restaurant, where cocktails and other drinks are served |
8. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
