2020-01-14
1398
The court system depends on the legal profession to make it work. Although individuals can institute actions and defend them normally lawyers do this job for them.
England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers. This division of the legal profession is due mainly to its historical causes. This division is the main reason for the separation between civil and criminal courts.
The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that a solicitor is a legal adviser of the public. Members of the public can call at a solicitor’s office and seek his advice in a personal interview. There is no end to the variety of matters a solicitor deals with. He does legal work involved in buying a house, he writes legal letters and carries on legal arguments outside Court. He prepares a case and the evidence. In a civil action solicitors have right to speak in County Court when the case is one of divorce or recovering some debts. They can also deal with some petty crimes and matrimonial matters in Magistrates Courts. A barrister defends client’s interests in a courtroom. He can only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor. A barrister must be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day, and defending an accused person the next, or of preparing a pleading and taking the case for a plaintiff in one day, and doing the same for a defendant the next.
A lot of work in solicitor’s office is done by managing clerks, now called legal executives, and being the third type of lawyers.
Задание 2: найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.
Судебная система, возбуждать иск, защищать, консультант по юридическим вопросам, раз вод, взыскать долг, истец, ответчик, обвиняемый, доказательства, ходатайство, истец, преследовать в судебном порядке.
Задание 3: дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту.
1. What makes British legal system work?
2. Why is British legal system unique?
3. What are the main responsibilities of a solicitor?
4. What does a barrister do?
5. Who does a lot of work in solicitor’s office?
Задание 4: поставьте вопросы всех типов к данному предложению.
The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers.
Задание 5: выберите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. I … … a judge when I graduate the Academy. 2. This legal document … easy for understanding. 3. In Britain the vast majority of judges … unpaid. 4. When the trial finished, they … sent to prison. 5. The verdict … announced yesterday. 6. I … over 18 years old.
Задание 6: переведите юридические термины. Составьте собственные предложения с 5 из них.
| To serve one’s sentence | Capital crime |
| To avoid violence | Scene of crime |
| Espionage | Seizure of property |
| To break confidence | Bigamist |
| To dismiss an appeal | Defense lawyer |
| Judgment | Arrest |
| Attorney license | Search |
| Injury | Mortal damage |
| Offended party | To get money by fraud |
| Legally capable | Burglary |
VARIANT 4
Задание 1: прочитайте и переведите текст.
Why do we Need Laws?
Almost everything we do is governed by some set of rules. However, some rules – those made by the state or the courts – are called “laws”. Laws are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law - whether you like that law or not – you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison.
Why are some rules so special that they are made into laws? Why do we need rules that everyone must follow? What is the purpose of law?
Laws regulate our business affairs, help to ensure that people keep their promises. Laws against criminal conduct help to safeguard our personal property and our lives.
Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to own the same piece of property, they turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who the real owner is and to make sure that the real owner’s rights are respected.
We need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals’ rights are respected. The legal system should respect individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. And society should believe in the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to every person, including members of the police and other public officials, who must carry out their public duties in accordance with the law.
Another goal of the law is fairness. This means that the law should protect certain basic individual rights and freedoms, such as liberty and equality.
Задание 2: найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.
Свод правил, изменять поведение, нарушать закон, уплатить штраф, возместить ущерб, разрешать споры мирным путем, защищать частую собственность, защищать основные права, свобода и равенство.
Задание 3: дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту.
1. What are laws designed for?
2. What can happen if you break a law?
3. What do laws regulate and provide?
4. What do laws ensure?
5. What is another goal of laws?
Задание 4: поставьте вопросы всех типов к данному предложению.
Laws regulate our business affairs.
Задание 5: раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую видо-временную форму глагола.
1.They (to call) his former girl-friend to give evidence tomorrow. 2. Yesterday police (to arrest) 50 demonstrators outside the Parliament building. 3. A large group of photographers and reporters (to gather) in front of the court before the barristers’ arrival. 4. Look, the judge (to enter) the courtroom. 5. The defendant just (to plead) not guilty.
Задание 6: переведите предложения из активного залога в пассивный.
1.Police arrested Bates for dangerous driving. 2. They have charged no-one with murder yet 3. They are looking for the murder weapon now. 4. They make up the jury of seven women and five men. 5. Judge Evans will pass sentence on the three men tomorrow.
Задание 7: переведите юридические термины. Составьте собственные предложения с 5 из них.
| To find sb guilty | Putative defendant |
| To pass a sentence | Pursuit |
| To stand trial | Own confession |
| To return a verdict | Ownership of property |
| To call a witness | Taking of the body |
| Youthful misbehaviour | Systematic criminal |
| Absent good cause | Abuse of corpse |
| Encroachment | Harassment |
| Narcotic officer | Guilty party |
| Natural law | Juvenile offence |
Задание 8: подставьте модальные глаголы be to, may, have to, can, should.
1.The trial.. take place next month at Wood Green Crown Court. 2. Your honour, … my client and I have some time to discuss the latest evidence? 3. Husbands and wives don’t … give evidence against each other. 4. You … discuss this matter with the solicitor. 5. … I ask some questions to the witness, your honour?
VARIANT 5
Задание 1: прочитайте и переведите текст.
