Administration of Justice in great Britain

Persons offending against the law are summoned before a court of law. The summons issued by the court states the charges moved against the offender by the persons sueing him. When a defendant is brought before a court the charge is read out to him and he is asked whether he pleads guilty or not guilty. If he pleads guilty he is sentenced by the court. If he pleads not guilty, a jury of 12 persons must be formed and summoned to attend the court.

The trial begins with opening the case for prosecuting party and hearing evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution. On the completion of the plaintiff’s case and evidence, the defendant’s case is stated and evidence is heard in support of it.

The accused is entitled to be defendant by the counsel. Witnesses for the prosecution may be cross-examined by the accused or his counsel. The accused may call witnesses or give evidence of his own defense. At the conclusion of the evidence and after speeches of both sides, the judge sums up the case to the jury. The jury consider the verdict. If they decide that the accused is not guilty, he is immediately discharged. If the jury return the verdict of guilty, sentence is pronounced by the judge.

The following punishments for crime can be inflicted: life imprisonment, imprisonment consisting in corrective training or preventive detention. The defendant may appeal against the sentence to the Court of Appeal up to the House of Lords, which is the supreme judicial body of Great Britain.

Задание 2: найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

Наказание, истец, ответчик, выносить приговор, признать себя виновным, пожизненное заключение, снять обвинение, перекрёстный допрос, задержание, доказательство

Задание 3: дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту.

1. In what cases can a person be summoned before a court of law?

2. What takes place after reading a charge?

3. Is defendant’s case stated before or after plaintiff’s?

4. Who decides whether the accused is guilty or not?

5. What punishments can be inflicted for a crime?

Задание 4: поставьте вопросы всех типов к данному предложению.

The jury consider the verdict.

Задание 5: раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую видо-временную форму глагола.

1.It is the Cabinet and not the Parliament that (to control) the nation’s affairs in Britain. 2. Now counsel for the defense (to try) to show that the accused is not guilty. 3. People (not to realize) the importance of this problem a few years ago. 4. I think he already (to achieve) a great progress in his study. 5. We (to discuss) new aspects of privatization at the next seminar.

Задание 6: переведите предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

1.The committee is still discussing the bill. 2. They adopted the US Constitution in 1789. 3. They have already interviewed the victim. 4. Many people will attend this open trial. 5. They guarantee the accused the right to defense.

Задание 7: переведите юридические термины. Составьте собственные предложения с 5 из них.

youth correction centre	right of suit
wronged person	public trial
to vandalize	organized criminal group
unreported crime	term of jail
taker of bribe	arson
temporary custody	rioting mob
swindler	robbery
robbery with violence	summoned juror
punishable act	public safety
overt crime	testimonial compulsion

Задание 8: подставьте модальные глаголы can, is to, must, should, may.

1.Everybody … know their rights and enjoy them. 2. A barrister … only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor. 3. Witnesses for the prosecution … be cross-examined. 4. The judge … have discharged one of the jurors. 5. The trial … take place on Monday at 10 a.m.

VARIANT 9

Задание 1: прочитайте и переведите текст.

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Juvenile delinquency—negative behaviors of children and teens that may result in crimes or legal action—frequently causes widespread problems in communities. Juvenile courts are being challenged by an increase in the number of child delinquents coming before them. In 1997 alone, juvenile courts handled more than 180,000 juvenile offenders younger than 13 years old. These child delinquents account for 1 in 3 juvenile arrests for arson, 1 in 5 juvenile arrests for sex offenses, and 1 in 12 juvenile arrests for violent crime. Because youth referred to juvenile court before the age of 13 are far more likely to become chronic juvenile offenders than youth whose initial contact occurs at a later age, there is reason for concern about the growing number of child delinquents.

 In juvenile delinquency cases, a child (less than 18 years old) is alleged to have broken a law ranging from being out past curfew to a charge of murder. Special court procedures have been created to deal with children who break the law that are separate from the adult criminal process. Most Juvenile Court delinquency cases are not open to the public, except for serious crimes committed by children over the age of 16. Juvenile Court judges and staff work with other government agencies and community organizations to develop programs that help to ensure a safe and healthy environment for juveniles. Reducing delinquency and youth violence is the primary goal of the government.

Задание 2: найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний.

Cуды по делам несовершеннолетних, обвинение в убийстве, комендантский час, нарушать закон, судебный иск, уголовный процесс, насилие, правительство.

Задание 3: дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту.

1. Explain the term “juvenile delinquency”.

2. What are the most common crimes committed by juveniles?

3. What person is more likely to become a chronic juvenile offender?

4. Is the court procedure the same for children and adults?

5. What is the aim of the government and the community?

Задание 4: поставьте вопросы всех типов к данному предложению.

Juvenile courts handled more than 180,000 juvenile offenders younger than 13 years old.

Задание 5: раскройте скобки, употребляя необходимую видо-временную форму глагола.

1.Next year each constituency (to elect) a single member to the House of Commons. 2. The sitting (to take place) in 10 Downing street at the moment. 3. They (to participate) in the opposition political movement for two years already. 4. The Liberals (to prevent) the establishment of the Labour party. 5. The reporter arrived when the Queen (to open) the session of Parliament with a throne speech.

Задание 6: переведите предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

1.The British working class won its rights in the course of struggle. 2. The rich and privileged traditionally support the Conservatives. 3. Finally the Queen will sign the bill. 4. The investigator was interrogating the suspect for an hour. 5. British courts have adopted many general laws.

Задание 7: переведите юридические термины. Составьте собственные предложения с 5 из них.

Cell	Police reports
To call a witness	To follow a criminal
Citizenship	Violent death
Award punishment	Witness box
To suppress a fact	To lodge a complaint against somebody
Breach of law	A law breaker
Hostage	Pickpocket
Gambling	To ambush
Life imprisonment	To encroach one’s interests
Organized crime	Assassination

Задание 8: подставьте модальные глаголы can, must, have to,should, may.

1.You … study hard to become a good specialist in the sphere of law. 2. … I take part in the investigation? 3. The Prime Minister … be elected only by consent of more than half of Verhovna Rada.4. The local government … deal with taxation, budget, roads and health care. 5. I think, you … question this witness again.

VARIANT 10

Задание 1: прочитайте и переведите текст.