Unit 1. the influence of building materials on bridge structures

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО

ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I»

(ФГБОУ ВО ПГУПС)

КАФЕДРА «РУССКИЙ И ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

М.Э. СУХАРЕВА

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH

BRIDGES

Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 4 курса

Санкт-Петербург

2020

VOCABULARY REVISION

Ex.1 Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (a-j).

1. bridge                   a) a bridge whose deck is directly supported from pylons by straight cables

2. span                     b) the vertical structural element from which stays radiate in a cable-stayed bridge

3. beam               c) the support between two bridge spans

4. cable-stayed bridge d) a structure carrying a railway or a road across an obstacle

5. pier                       e) a rigid, usually horizontal structural element which may itself form an entire simple bridge

6. abutment              f) a bridge with its deck supported from above by large cables or chains hanging from towers

7. suspension bridge g) the ground end support of a bridge, especially to resist the horizontal thrust of an arch

8. viaduct                 h) the distance between a pair of rails or the wheels on one axle

9. gauge                    i) a long bridge-like structure carrying a railway across a valley

10. pylon               j) the distance between two piers.

 

Ex.2 Match the verbs with the nouns to make various word collocations.

1. to drive                a) a span

2. to resist                b) a load

3. to support                     c) a pile

4. to carry                d) steel structures

5. to weld                 e) a thrust

6. to lay                    f) the rails to sleepers

7. to fasten               g) the bridge

8. to construct          h) the ballast

 

Ex. 3 Answer the following questions.

1. What construction are preferable to cross long valleys? 2. Which element of the bridge supports the span? 3. How is the distance between axles of two rails or wheels called? 4. What is the difference between the suspension and cable-stayed bridges? 5. What forces does the abutment resist? 6. Which element of the bridge is called a pylon? 7. Give some examples of suspension bridges. 8. Which types of bridges: a)  have the longest spans, b) are better for heavy railways c) are better for high-speed railways? 9. What materials are used in modern bridge-building?

 

SECTION I.            PRESENTING BUILDING MATERIALS

Unit 1.           THE INFLUENCE OF BUILDING MATERIALS ON BRIDGE STRUCTURES

I. Discuss the following points:

1. How did building materials influence the evolution of man-made facilities construction? Give examples.

2. What was the first building material in the history of mankind?

3. What modern building materials are used in construction now?

 

II. Look at the pictures of bridges and try to guess what materials were used there. Begin your sentences: The bridge in the picture 1 is made from…