Pay attention to the notes

1. In English grammar, the gerund is a non-finite verb form used to make a verb phrase that can serve in place of a noun phrase.

2. The English gerund ends in -ing (as in I enjoy playing football); the same verb form also serves as the English present participle (which has an adjectival or adverbial function), and as a pure verbal noun.

3. A gerund behaves as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified

by an adverb or have an object); but the resulting clause as a whole functions as a noun within the larger sentence.

Examples of use

The following sentences illustrate some uses of gerund clauses, showing how such a clause serves as a noun within the larger sentence.

In some cases the clause consists ofjust the gerund Swimming is fun. (gerund as subject of the sentence)

• I like swimming. (gerund as direct object)
• I never gave swimming all that much effort. (gerund as indirect object)
• Eating biscuits in front of the television is one way to relax. (gerund clause as subject)
• Do you fancy going out? (gerund clause as direct object)
• On being elected president, he moved with his family to the capital. (gerund clause as complement of a preposition)

1. Can you find the gerund in the sentences? Translate the sentences into Russian.

Pay attention to the pattern:

Pattern: Smoking is a bad habit.

• (Smoking — герундий). Курение - это плохая привычка.

1. Walking fast is good exercise. 2. Jogging is her favourite occupation. 3. He finished reading the book. 4. I remember doing it. 5. We like dancing. 6. After having dinner they watched TV. 7. Thank you for coming. 8. He likes inviting his friends to his house. 9. He felt satisfaction in helping them. 10. There is no sense in going there today. 11. After saying ihis he left the room. 12. Excuse me for being so late. 13. Besides being lalented he works very hard. 14. I enjoy listening to music. 15. Skating is pleasant.

1. Read and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Avoid catching cold. 2. It's very dull discussing the same thing from early morning till late at night. 3. His main occupation is coaching. 4. They stopped arguing. 5. Avoid lying in the sun. 6. The suit needs cleaning. 7. We are interested in attending our English classes. 8.1 hate interrupting people. 9. She hates disturbing people. 10. William likes reading detective stories. 11. Don't leave without speaking to the coach. 12. It's no use lalking about it. 13. Tom's taking the medicine surprised us. 14. His knowing English will help him in his work. 15. If your going there is a question of money, I might help you.

1. Use the gerund instead of verbs in brackets.

Pattern: It isn't worth (eat) late at night. — It isn't worth eating late at night.

1. What is worth (do) is worth (do) well. 2. These words are not worth (remember).3.Such people are not worth (speak) about. 4. It's not worth (swim) in cold water. 5. This match is worth (watch). 6. This competition is worth (take part) in it. 7. This book isn't worth (read). 8. This film is ically worth (see). 9. It's no use (get angry). 10. This country is worth (visit).

 

A. Use the gerund instead of verbs in brackets.

Pattern: I t's no good (miss) lessons. — It's no good missing lessons.

1. It's no use (accuse) him. 2. It's no use (consult) a bad physician. 3. It’s no good (lose) things. 4. It's no good (help) him. 5. It's no use (teach) them. 6. It's no use (talk). 7. It's no good (go) there. 8. It's no good (wait) for her.

B. Make up the sentences. Use the words and word combinations in the table.

Pattern: You can become famous only by working hard.

 

We learn to speak English	by	working hard.
We can't learn a foreign language
only		running.
One learns to swim		speaking.
A child learns to run		arguing.
You won't change anything		reading books.
You won't achieve anything		swimming.
One can become famous only		shouting.

 

 

1. Read and translate the newspaper article about real life drama.

COUPLE WHO SURVIVED AN AMAZING 66 DAYS AT SEA

 

Bill and Simone Butler.

A couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Butler, spent sixty six days in a life-raft in the seas of Central America after their yacht sank. They survived in very good condition. Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their yacht, Siboney, they met some whales. 'They started to hit the side of the boat,' said Bill, 'and then suddenly we heard water.'

 

The whales’ attack

Two minutes later, the yacht was sinking. They jumped into the^! life-raft and watched the boat go under the water. For twenty days they had tins of food, biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water - two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw. Then the line broke. So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.'

 

Bill’s fishing

 

About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn't stand up, so the captain carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over.

 

1. Make up an annotation of the article accoding to the plan:

1. The title of the article is...

2. It is published in...

3. The purpose of this article is to show...

4. The athor analyses (explains, characterizes, describes)...

5. Some parts of the article deal with...

6. The author points out...

7. In conclusion the author says, that...

 

1. Here are the past tense forms of twelve irregular verbs. Write all the forms.

spend	spent	spent
	caught
	sank
	ate
	left
	broke
	met
	saw
	heard
	could
	had
	took

 

1. Put the verds into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.

2. It (be) fantastic.

3. I (visit) lots of interesting places.

4. I (be) with two friends of mine.

5. Every mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.

6. The weather (be) fine. It (not / rain) a lot.

7. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.

1. Read and try to dramatize the dialogues.

Sightseeing in London

Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.

Dialogue 1

Mike: So, what are you going to do today?

John: Frankly speaking, I have no idea. What would you advise?

Mike: Why not visit Hyde Park? It's one of the most picturesque places in London. Besides you both look slightly tired and a day in the open air will do you no harm.

Susan: Yes, you're quite right. I'm tired of shopping. Wait, I heard something of the place... Hyde Park... Please, remind me of it.

 

Hyde Park in London.

 

Mike: Oh, I see you're really too tired if you forget about the best-known park in London! Hyde Park together with Kensington Gardens and Regent's Park are still called Royal because many centuries ago the kings of England usually hunted there. Now these places are the most favourite ones for a lot of people. You can walk on the grass or even lie down there if it's warm enough.

John: Great! Let's go there immediately! As far as I remember visitors can also go horse-riding. I'm fond of riding! Don't you mind, Susan?

Susan: I don't. I want to go there too. How can we get there, Mike?

Mike: We'll drive there by car. It'll take us about half an hour, if we don't get into the traffic jam.

Vocabulary

frankly speaking - откровенно говоря I have no idea - понятия не имею

Hyde Park - Гайд Парк, одна из лучших парковых зон Европы picturesque - живописный harm - вред, ущерб

immediately - немедленно, тотчас же as far as I remember - насколько я помню traffic jam - пробка (на дорогах)

Dialogue 2

Susan: Hyde Park! Such a wonderful place! Thank you, Mike. Well... I'd like to see Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace...

 

The Tower of London

John: Yes! Changing of the Guard!

Susan: Why! You've already seen it twice.

John: And I'm eager to see it again. It's really fantastic! These tall fellows dressed in scarlet tunics, blue trousers and huge bearskin caps look so impressive! Let's go there now.