From the history of architecture

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Старостина Н.А.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

ИСТОРИЯ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ

Учебно-методическое пособие

По английскому языку

Москва 2017

УДК 72.03=111/076.5

ББК 812-923 Англ.

И. 90

Рецензенты кандидат филологических наук, доцент Пономарева М.Н.,

кандидат филологических наук, Пономарев В.В.

И. 90 История архитектуры. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса направления 08.03.01 «Строительство» очной и заочной форм обучения/сост. Н.А. Старостина; ООО «Технологии рекламы», г. Москва, 2017. – 99с.

Пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы по английскому языку студентов направления 08.03.01 «Строительство» очной и заочной форм обучения.

Основной целью издания является развитие навыков чтения, а также навыков устной речи, развитие навыков извлечения информации, ее обработки и получения дополнительных знаний из соответствующих областей технической науки.

В текстах нашли отражение наиболее интересные моменты истории архитектуры, самые замечательные архитектурные стили, история возникновения и использования наиболее распространенных строительных материалов.

УДК 72.03=111/076.5

ББК 812-923 Англ.

FROM THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

The history of architecture aims at displaying clearly the characteristic features of the architecture of each country by comparing the buildings of each period and by studying influences - geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social and historical - which have contributed to the formation of a particular style. The best way to learn about architecture is to study actual buildings and museums which provide excellent opportunities for examining details of style. The analysis of the characteristic features which resulted from solving certain structural problems enables to visualise clearly the main factors which brought about changes in each style.

Architecture is the art with which we all are in daily contact for it shelters us, gives us «home». Finally, architecture is the mother of the arts of sculpture, painting, and the allied decorative crafts.

Architecture, with all its varying phases and complex developments, must have had a simple origin in the primitive efforts of mankind to provide protection against inclement weather, wild beasts and human enemies in rock, caves, huts and tents. Here then, in caves, huts, and tents we find the three primitive types of human dwellings, the three germs of later architectural developments.

The history of architecture is a record of continuous evolution. A glance along the past ages reveals architecture as a history of social condition progress and religion and events which are landmarks in the history of mankind; for as architecture is in all periods connected with national life, the genius of a nation is unmistakably stamped on its architectural monuments.

Architectural styles, by the test of evolution, fall naturally into several groups: styles, which beginning in Egypt and Assyria, reached their highest development in Europe, and styles of Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Ancient American and Saracenic architecture.

New vocabulary:

Aim at – стремиться the characteristic features -характерные черты

to compare – сравнивать to influence – влиять

particular style - индивидуальный стиль to provide excellent opportunities - давать

to fall into - делиться на великолепные возможности

to enable - давать возможность to shelter — защищать

to provide protection against - давать защиту от inclement – суровый

enemy – враг cave – пещера

tent – палатка dwelling –жилище

germ – зародыш to reveal – открывать

landmark – веха

1. Translate the words into Russian: