2020-05-25
127СОПРЯЖЕННОСТЬ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ ВИДА DIADESMIS CONTENTA С ДРУГИМИ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЯМИ АЛЬГОСООБЩЕСТВ ПОСТПИРОГЕННОГО БИОТОПА БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО ЗАКАЗНИКА «ТРОИЦКАЯ БАЛКА»
THE CONJUGATION OF THE ALGAE SPECIES DIADESMIS CONTENTA OF ALGOSAIBIS POST-FIRE HABITAT BOTANICAL RESERVE "TROITSKAYA BALKA»
Abstract:
The article discusses the structure of the conjugation of Diadesmis contenta with other representatives of the algosociety of the post-pyrogenic biotope of the local reserve «Troitskaya Balka». The values of the quality coefficients of conjugacy.
Keywords:
Diadesmis contenta; contamination; post-pyrogenic biotope; «Troitskaya Balka» Botanical Reserve
УДК 582.26.27(477.7)
Soil algae is an essential component of the biogeocenosis, which is inextricably linked to the soil cover, the heterotrophic organisms that inhabit it, and higher plants. They take part in the accumulation and transformation of organic matter, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of soil fertility. Features of the structure of algae communities (including the aspect of their conjugation) serve as an additional characteristic that allows us to identify certain transformations of biogeocenoses, as well as to determine the stages and efficiency of their recovery [10, 18, 13, 83].
This fact determines the relevance of research of algosocialities of transformed ecosystems both in the context of multi-vector analysis of structural interactions of the community as a whole, and in the context of identification of separate relationships between individual species [5]. In steppe ecosystems, fires are a very common phenomenon that entails the transformation of all components of the ecosystem (soil cover [63, 66], zoo- [9, 47, 48], phytocenosis [5, 9, 52], etc.) and is certainly a powerful factor in the reorganization of soil algosocialities [12, 14, 24, etc.].
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Therefore, the study of post-pyrogenic biogeocenoses [6, 30], and especially their most informative components, is an important task in terms of accumulating the necessary amount of information for subsequent identification of the stage of restoration of the biotope, as well as determining the degree of its degradation, which is extremely important for the implementation of environmental measures aimed at restoring ecosystems disturbed by fires. In order to identify the reactions of algosocialities to a given type of anthropogenic influence without imposing the effects of other forms of transformation, the feasibility of studying transformed ecosystems within the objects of the natural reserve Fund is indisputable. That is why the research program provided for conducting observations in the conditions of the local Botanical reserve "Troitskaya Balka" [94-95]. Information about ground algae of virgin and anthropogenic-disturbed ecosystems in the South of Ukraine is contained in the works of L. Horvits-Vlasova, M. I. Kotov [21], and N. Kondratieva [14-17], G. p. Lipnitskaya [26-29], P. I. Kuznetsov [22], V. I. Torzhevsky [2, 68-73], N. P. Moskvicha [42-46], G. G. Kuzyakhmetov [24-25], a.m. Solonenko [19, 20, 58-62], S. P. Cherevko [75-77], L. P. Prikhodkova [54-57] I. A. Maltseva [33, 35], O. O. Baranova [3, 4], V. V. shcherbiny and co-authors [31-32, 34, 36-41, 88, 89, 92, 93, 96], and other authors. However, the question of the composition of algae in pyrogenic disturbed soils remains insufficiently studied both within the specified region [95, 100] and beyond its borders [5, 63, 78-82]. A small number of papers are devoted to the study of the Association of algae of different species [74, 85-87, 97]. Materials and methods of research.
The research was conducted in the conditions of post-pyrogenic biogeocenosis, which is located in the local Botanical reserve "Troitsky Balka" (Zaporozhye region). samples of soil samples [98] were selected seasonally during 2009-2011 using the method proposed by M. m Golerbach and E. A. Shtin [10, 84]. The samples were taken layer by layer – 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, and 15-50 cm The species composition of algosocialities was determined using cultures [11, 23] and permanent preparations [8, 12], with direct use of microscopic research methods [64, 65, 99]. The paper uses the system of classification of algae proposed in the monograph "Algae of the soil of Ukraine: history and research methods, system, synopsis of flora" [7]. The obtained data were analyzed using the GRAPHS software module [49-51]. Research result. In the conditions of biogeocenosis post pyrogenic development from the fire of 2009 35 species of algae from 5 departments were found:Cyanophyta-20 species (57.14%), Eustigmatophyta-1 (2.86%), Xanthophyta-1 (2.86%), Bacillariophyta-5 (14.29%), Chlorophyta– 8 (22,86%) [90-91]. Diadesmiscontenta (Grunow ex Van Heurick) Mann in Round et. al. 1990 is a single-celled Alga of the Bacillariophyta division with linear stems that are often weakly expanded in the middle with broad head-like ends. The strokes are gentle, almost parallel, about 36 in 10 µ. The axial field is narrow, the middle field is elongated elliptical or almost round. The cell length is 7-15 µ, width 2-3 µ [67]. The structure of Association of Diadesmiscontenta with other representatives of the algosociety is shown in figure 1, which determines the maximum conjugacy of the species with individual representatives, including Phormidiuminundatum Kützing 1849 (100 %), Phormidiumboryanum Kützing 1843 (100 %), Chlorosarcinopsisgelatinosa Chantanachat et Bold 1962 (100 %).
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Figure 1. Structure of Association of Diadesmis contenta with other types of algogroup of lands of the Troitsky Balka Botanical reserve»
Among the three listed species, Phormidium inundatum(a filamentous Alga with blue-green more or less straight trichomes 3 – 5 µ wide,not bent with granulations [17])and phormidiumboryanum(forming a compound of threads from straight to the ends not narrowed and not bent by a trichomonid 3-3, 2-(4,5) µ wide [17]) belong to blue-green algae. The exception is Chlorosarcinopsis gelatinosa (which usually forms packets of 2-3 cells lying in the same plane, connected by a common mucus in large clusters [1]), which, according to the above classification system of algae, belongs to the green division. Algae species Leptosiraterricola (Bristol) Printz 1964 (50 %), Luticola mutica Kutzing Mann in Round et al. 1990 (50 %), Nitzschiafrustulum (Kützing) Grunow (50 %), Nitzschiasp(50 %), Phormidiumformosum (Bory ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988 (33 %), Leptolyngbya fragilis (Gomont) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988 (33 %), Leptolyngbya frigida (Fritsch) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988 (33 %), Phormidium retzii (Agardh) Gomont 1890 (25 %), Phormidium autumnale (Agardh) Gomont 1892 (25 %), Phormidium breve (Kuitzing ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988 (25 %), Phormidium paulsenianum B.Petersen 1930 (25 %), Phormidium (Leptolyngbya) henningsii Lemmermann (16%) and Leptolyngbya foveolarum (Rabenhorst ex Gomont) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988 (16%), are also characterized by positive conjugacy coefficients with Diadesmis contenta. Other species have neutral coefficient values when comparing the facts of their popodaniya in samples with the presence of the species Diadesmis contenta in the selected soil samples (among them: Phormidium bohneri Schmidle, Phormidium jadinianum Gomont 1893, Phormidium (Lyngbya) ambiguum Gomont 1892, Phormidium dimorphum Lemmermann 1908, Phormidium tenue (Agardh ex Gomont) anagnostidis et Komarek 1988, phormidium formosum (Bory ex gomont) anagnostidis et Komarek 1988, phormidium Valderiae (delp.) Geitler 1925, Heterococcusviridis Chodat 1907, Tetracystisaggregata brown et Bold 1964, Chlorococcumchlorococcoides (Korschikov) Philipose 1967, Chlorococcumlobatum (Korshikov) Fritsch et John 1942, Choricystisminor (Skuja) Fott 1974, Deasoniairregularis (Deason) Ettl et Gärtner, Nostocmicroscopicum Carmichael sensu Elenkin 1949, Calothrix elenkinii Kossinskaya 1924 f. Elenkinii, Jaaginema pseudogeminatum (G. Schmid) Anagnostidis et Komarek 1988, Eustigmatos magnus (Petersen) Hibberd 1981, Bracteacoccus minor (Chodat) Petrová). Conclusions. The type of Diadesmis contenta is characterized by positive and neutral forms of conjugacy behind the indicators of Association coefficients. All values of positive conjugacy coefficients change in the range from 16 to 100 %. Neutral indicators of conjugation of the species Diadesmis contenta with other representatives of the algosociety were observed in 55% of cases. Taking into account the taxonomy of species, it should be noted that the diatomic Alga Diadesmis contenta has the maximum values of conjugation coefficients with representatives of species from the Department Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta.
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