2020-06-12
128
1. Law governs all social moves and actions of people.
2. To know the basic principles of law is a necessity.
3. Laws are rules to maintain peace and order, to secure justice and legal rights of individuals and the community.
4. The main subdivisions of law are into «civil law» and «criminal law».
5. Civil law determines the social and property rights of individuals.
6. Criminal law is to protect society from the harmful acts of some people.
7. A criminal justice system in any country operates by identifying, apprehending, prosecuting, convicting and sentencing people who violate criminal law.
8. The criminal justice system consists of three components – law enforcement, the judicial process and corrections.
9. Police have the power to patrol, prevent crime, maintain peace and order and arrest the suspected criminals.
10. The system of corrections consists of punishing the convicted persons and programmes to rehabilitate them.
11. In some countries professional judges and the jury decide the cases together.
12. The jury decide if the defendant is guilty or not guilty.
13. All criminal cases in Great Britain start in the Magistrates’ courts.
14. Justices of the peace work part-time and are unpaid.
15. The most common sentences are fines, imprisonment and probation.
16. In Great Britain serious criminal cases are decided in Crown courts.
17. There is no death punishment in Great Britain; it was abolished in 1965.
18. A person on probation must report to the local police station; it is a way to restrict his/her movement.
19. Community service means that the convicted person has to spend certain number of hours doing useful work for the community.
20. Appeals can be made against the severity of the sentence.
21. The American Supreme Court is the highest instrument of the US judiciary.
22. The US Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and hold their office for life.
