I. Read and translate in written form the following text

Контрольная работа № 2

VARIANT 1

I. Read and translate in written form the following text.

Markets.

A market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold. There are markets for things other then commodities, in the usual sense. There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labour markets and so on; there may be a market for anything, which has a price. And there may be no particular place to which dealings are confined. Buyers and sellers may deal with one another prices obtainable in one part of the market affect the prices paid in other parts.by telephone, telegram, cable or letter.

We must define a market as any area over which buyers and sellers are in such close touch with one another either directly or through dealers that the

Modern means of communication are so rapid that a buyer can discover what price a seller is asking, and can accept it if he wishes. Thus the market for anything is, potentially, the whole word. But in fact things have only a local or national market. This may be because nearly the whole demand is concentrated in one locality. The main reason why many things have not a word market is that they are costly or difficult to transport. For example coal is produced much more cheaply in the United States than in Europe but owing to the cost of transporting coal by rail, American coal seldom finds its way to Europe.

II. Give English equivalents of:

1) покупать и продавать товар

2) обычный смысл слова

3) ограничивать сделки

4) средства связи

5) транспортировка угля по железной дороге

III. Give Russian equivalents of:

1) foreign exchange markets

2) affect the prices

3) produce coal

4) real estate markets

5) deal with another

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense:

1. He'll be furious if he ever (find out) about this.

2. The animals at the zoo (die) unless they're fed.

3. If you drink all that juice, you (be) sick.

4. If he…………..(not drive) so fast, he will not have an accident.

5. She'll be on time for the meeting if she……..(leave) early.

V. Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:

1. I don't have a spare ticket. I can't take you to the concert.

2. She drinks too much coffee. She doesn't feel calm.

3. He can't type. He isn't able to operate a computer.

4. They don't understand the problem. They won't find a solution.

5. You can't run fast. You won't be an Olympic champion.

VI. Translate the given sentences. Mind the First, the Second and the Third Conditionals.

1. If the researcher uses this new approach, he will be able to avoid many errors.

2. He will help you by all means if he has some free time.

3. If I were you, I would receive the proposal.

4. He would translate the article if he had a dictionary.

5. If the students had worked hard during the term, they would have passed the exam.

VII. Translate the given sentences into English.

1. Ты бы чувствовал себя лучше, если бы ложился спать раньше.

2. Он бы лучше знал английский язык, если бы летом прочитал английские книги.

3. Если он выучит немецкий язык, он поедет учиться в Германию.

4. Если бы вчера было не так холодно, мы бы поехали за город.

5. Если бы у меня было время, я бы смог рассказать тебе больше.

VIII. Translate modal verbs or their equivalents into English.

1. He (сможет) to finish his work next week.

2. She (позволят) to visit him in two weeks.

3. You (должны) consult a doctor if you are ill.

4. We (не должны были) to discuss these questions with you.

5. I (нe мoгy) do anything for you.

IX. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Mind the Modal Verbs.

1. I don't need your book any longer.

2. We should meet our friends at the station.

3. He had to go there yesterday.

4. The students got up early, as the lecture was to begin at 9 o'clock.

5. We were obliged to stay at home yesterday, it was raining cats and dogs.

X. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Возможно, они смогут заказать билеты для вас.

2. Они смогли посетить все музеи за один день.

3. Ты можешь вернуться домой не позже одиннадцати?

4. Почему ты вынужден выехать из страны?

5. Не может быть, чтобы он работал на этом заводе.

XI. Choose the proper form. Rewrite the sentences and translate them.

Model: She said that they_________ in Oxford.

А) lived b) lives c) will live

She said that they lived in Oxford. Она сказала, что они живут в Лондоне.

1. The students said that they_______their exams. (a) have passed; b) had passed; c)has passed)

2. The leader asked John_______him a new device. (a) to show; b) show); c) to have shown.

3. They knew that a tariff_______a tax imposed on imported goods. (a) was; b) is; c) were)

4. It was known they _______ oil. (a) will imported; b) imports; c) would import)

5. They reported this country_______to restrict import. (a) was going; b) is going; c)goes)

XII. Turn from Direct speech into Reported speech.

1. "My son is a student", said Henry.

2. "She is working at the library", said her mother.

3. My friend said to me: "I have not seen you for ages!".

4. "I'll solve the clues tomorrow", said Ann.

5. "Give me a cup of tee, please", said my brother to me.

XIII. Rewrite the following sentences in Direct speech.

1. He said he had an accident.

2. Liz said she could borrow me the newspaper as she had finished with it.

3. The boy said he was afraid he had broken my vase.

4. He said that he studied English before he entered the institute.

5. She said that her parents lived in Kiev.

XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Дежурный ученик сказал, что проветривает класс перед каждым уроком.

2. Мама сказала детям играть во дворе и не играть на улице.

3. Дети сказали, что они не играют на улице, а играют во дворе.

4. Джейн сказала, что ей приснился страшный сон.

5. Они спросили мальчика, на скольких иностранных языках он говорит.

VARIANT 2

I. Read and translate in written form the following text.

Employment

People of working age can be divided into three groups: the employed, the self- employed, and the unemployed.

About two thirds of the work- force are employed in service industries; compared with one quarter in manufacturing industry. A number of government schemes, programmes were introduced to help unemployed people find work.

Many unemployed people look for work in advertisements, such as those in local newspapers. Other make their first search through the government Jobcentres, where local jobs are advertised and where individual advice is given. Training can also be obtained through the Open College, that provides courses by radio and television. Two further schemes are Business Growth Training which offers financial help to employers training their own employees and the Enterprise Allowance Scheme, which helps unemployed people start their own business.

If a parson is unemployed for six months or longer, he or she may attend an interview with a "Restart" counselor, who will suggest alternative way of finding work. Similar Schemes operate in the USA.

II. Give English equivalents to:

1) по сравнению

2) ввести правительственные программы

3) подготовить своих собственных служащих

4) начинать собственный бизнес

5) правительственные центры занятости

III. Give Russian equivalents to:

1) to divide into

2) two-thirds

3) to look for work in advertisement

4) such as

5) a number of