What is the official name of Great Britain?

Урок № 21

Тема урока «Природные катаклизмы»

Задание 1. Прочитайте тексты устно. Выполните тест № 1 письменно.

Текст № 1.

Mother Nature can act rather scary sometimes. Almost every day TV channels, radio and newspapers report on natural disasters striking different parts of the world. Scientists say that earthquakes, tornados, floods, droughts, tsunamis, landslides and hurricanes are happening more frequently nowadays. Global warming, pollution and growing industrialization lead to imbalance in our echo-system.

A natural disaster can be defined as an uncontrollable extreme disruption which causes ecological and financial damage and victims of vulnerable population. Sometimes the events can be predicted by special meteorological warning systems and they often happen in the same geographical area because they are related to climate and physical characteristics of the region. For example, Florida is constantly suffering from tornadoes and hurricanes, and Japan – from earthquakes.

An earthquake happens when tectonic plates of the earth move and they make the area shake violently. According to the Richter scale the magnitude of earthquakes is measured from 1 to 10 points. The most powerful earthquake was recorded in 1960 in Chile, its magnitude was 9.5.

Volcanic eruptions occur when hot red magma erupts from the earth’s crust and flows from the top of the volcano. It also throws volcano ashes into the air which are harmful to inhale for human beings and animals.

A tsunami is a series of dangerous huge ocean waves, usually caused by underwater earthquakes. This natural disaster attacks the shore all of a sudden and often results in thousands of deaths. The height of the waves can reach 30 metres.

Flooding is another natural disaster. Floods happen when the water level in rivers and seas becomes too high. Sometimes flash floods can even wash away whole villages.

During extremely hot dry summers our world usually suffers from vast forest fires and severe droughts. Wildfires are especially dangerous in windy weather when they spread very easily. Droughts may result in famine because the land becomes dry and people can’t grow any plants and vegetables on it.

A tornado is an enormous column of twisting wind that moves very fast and destroys houses, raises in the air and throws people, animals and heavy things. Hurricanes and tornados are very common in America and the Atlantic Ocean.

Landslides happen when earth and rocks on slopes become loose or water-laden and they fall down the hills or mountains.

People face great problems after disasters: the water is usually infected, the communication lines (electricity, telephone) are often damaged, most of the buildings and property are destroyed, agricultural crops are also damaged. Natural disasters are great tragedies to many countries and nations. They take a lot of people’s lives. Thousands of people become homeless, unemployed. They need medical and psychological help.

Текст № 2

“Natural Disasters”

Every year different natural disasters happen on our planet:

Earthquake, Tornado, Landslide, Flood, Forest Fire, Avalanche, Hurricane,Volcano, Drought.

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground caused by the movement in the fault system. The fault is a crack between two giant pieces of the Earth’s crust.

A tornado is a very violent wind in the form of a funnel of air that spins at great speed. It usually happens in the USA.

A landslide is the movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They can be triggered by natural causes or by human activity.

A flood is the rising water overflowing onto a flat land. It is usually caused by heavy rain.

A forest fire is an uncontrolled fire that is wiping out large fields and areas of land. It is typically caused by a lightening strike or extremely dry weather.

An avalanche is a falling mass of snow. Avalanches always occur in the mountains.

A hurricane is a very violent wind or storm.

A volcano is a mountain with a hole called a crater in the top. Sometimes lava and gases are released from the crater.

A drought is a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water.

Natural disasters are very dangerous. They can damage the houses, destroy towns, kill animals and people. In all these disasters nature and people need help. Emergency workers are specially trained people who do their job during and after these types of disasters. Emergency workers such as doctors, nurses, firemen, water and gas workers do their job in difficult situations. Sometimes the police and army help too.

SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES (методы выживания):

Earthquake and tornado:

· Don’t panic

· Stay in the building

· Take shelter under a bed or table

Trapped in debris:

· Try not to move

· Use a whistle to signal your position

Fire:

· Cover nose and mouth with a damp cloth

· Stay close to the ground

Flood:

· Get rid of heavy clothes

· Go to the highest level of the building

· Turn off electricity to prevent electrocution

Lost in snowy mountains:

· Light a fire

· Let off flares

· Keep warm

· Jump up and down to improve your blood circulation

Тест № 1. Выполните тест письменно.

1. Tornadoes consist of…

a) very strong winds.

b) large clouds and terrible sounds;

2. Bright flashes of lightning…

a) are seen from the distance;

b) blow down everything on their way.

3. Tornadoes are dangerous because…

a) they destroy houses and pick up everything they can

b) they occur in spring;

4. A flood is a large amount of …

a) water which covers a place that is usually dry land.

b) Dogs

5. A hurricane is a very violent wind …

a) or storm.

b) cats

Урок № 22

Тема урока «Великобритания»

Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и выполните тест.

Great Britain

       The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland.
       The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland is situated in the north-west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north and north-west and the north-west and the North sea on the east.
       The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK lies on the British Isles. There are some 5500 islands. The two of them are the main island. They are: Great Britain and Ireland. The English Channel and the Strait of Dover separate Britain from the continent. The climate on the British Isles is temperate. The Gulf Stream makes the climate warmer in winter and cooler in summer. There is much humidity in the air of England. Britain is known as a foggy country. Geographically Great Britain is divided into Lowlands, Midlands, and Highlands.
       The population of Great Britain is over 57 million. London is the capital of the UK. London is situated on the Thames. The large cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool. There are many rivers and lakes in Great Britain. The main rivers of GB are the Thames and the Severn. The British money are pounds.
       The colours of the GB’s flag are red, white, blue. The National emblem of England is rose. Ben Nevis is the highest point in the United Kingdom. It is located in the Northern Highlands in Scotland. Great Britain is not rich in natural resources. Coal and oil are the most spread natural resources of Great Britain. Cambridge and Oxford are Great Britain’s oldest universities. Wheat, vegetables are grown by the British people in the agricultural sector.