2020-06-30
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The main goal of student study of History at the University is the formation of an integral vision of history of Russia from ancient times to the present day, of the most important historical laws, of the proper place and great value of Russian culture in the world heritage.
The objectives of the study are:
1. to promote the formation of student`s fundamental theoretical knowledge about the main stages and events of history of Russia from ancient times to the present day;
2. to create a full overview of the main spheres of Russian culture and its creators, peculiarity, historic and everlasting value;
3. to bring to the students an idea of the major processes and patterns of socio-political, socio-economic and spiritual historical development;
4. to give a notion of the main historical sources, methods of History study, the place of History among Social Sciences and Humanities and it`s functions;
5. to develop students’ skills of the work on their own at the sources and special literature, of the analysis of historical facts and events, culture, of historical issues debating and discussion;
6. to form a student`s unique vision of historical perspective of Russian society;
7. to foster the student's respect for the history, culture and traditions of Russia.
The study of the course of «History» is a part of work at professional competence of the future bachelor formation. The course of "History" is included in the basic part of the curriculum. The course is implemented in Pskov state University by the Chair of Russian History of History faculty.
While studying this subject, students will get acquainted with historical and cultural heritage of Russia, understand Russian contribution to the world history and culture.
The program proposes a problem-chronological study of historical material, as well as acquaintance with special literature and is aimed at developing student’s skills of guided and own work at the historical sources, debating and discussing historical issues. This knowledge and skills can be used by the students during their practice, while writing term papers and dissertations, when participating in social and scientific life of the University.
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The course of History is related to the following disciplines: «Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Pskov Region», «Russian Language and Communication Culture» and «Culturology».
As a result of the course the student must
Know
– the most important processes and patterns of social, political, economic and spiritual historical development.
– the main stages and events of history of Russia from ancient times to the present day;
– the main spheres of Russian culture and its creators, peculiarity, historic and everlasting value;
be able:
– work at sources and literature independently, analyze historical facts and events;
master:
–historical terms and concepts;
–theskills of searching and analyzing historical literature;
–the techniques of discussion and debate.
As professor Peter N. Stearns writes in his paper «Why Study History?» History helps us to understand people and societies, contributes to moral understanding and provides identity. Studying History is essential for good citizenship and is useful in any professional environment. It actually gives us an opportunity «to gain access to the laboratory of human experience».
History really posesses a lot of functions useful for human society.
The first is cognitive function,
It implies the study of historical progress of countries and peoples. It helps to discover historical laws of social development and reflect all phenomena and processes that make up the history of mankind from the standpoint of historicism.
The second is educational function.
It means the formation of the person’s civil and moral value system on the basis of historical experience.
The third is the social memory function.
It proves that studying history is a way to self-identification and orientation of society and personality. It makes possible to learn the experience of the past and carries out the relationship between the past and the present.
The practical-advisory function of historical knowledge helps to develop a scientifically grounded political course.
The prognostic function means that the historian may predict the future basing on historical experience.
Historical methods are systematic, ideographic, typological, synchronous, chronological, retrospective, comparative and genetic. History also uses methods of diachronic analysis and historical periodization.
The historical systematic method helps to reveal the inner mechanisms of functioning and development of the historical phenomena and objects in a complex.
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The historical ideographic method means a description of historical events and phenomena.
The synchronous method implies the study of various historical events taking place at the same time.
The problem-chronological method is aimed at the study of the vary spheres of history in chronological order.
The retrospective method means penetration into the past with the aim of identification of the origin of the phenomena.
The typological or historical-typological method is the method of historical research, providing classification of historical phenomena, events, objects.
The comparative-historical method is the method of elaborate detailed selection of the features of historical (social, cultural, etc.) objects for the purpose of their subsequent comparison and identification of common and special features. Types of comparison are horizontal (the row of the phenomena taking place at the same time) and vertical (multi-temporal phenomena).
The application of the comparative historical method is based on the idea that social development is a linear process, the main stages of which are the same for all the peoples, with only local or temporal form variation. The method was shaped within the framework of evolutionism.
Historical genetic method allows us to establish the origin, the process of formation and developing of the phenomenon. With the help of historical genetic method the main cause-and-effect relations are discovered.
Non-traditional special historical methods include quantitative method, socio-psychological methods, linguistic methods, methods of semiotics, method of art criticism analysis. Statistical and quantitative methods are also of value. General scientific methods and special methods of other humanities are also used in historical research.
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