2020-07-12
179
| Список использованной литературы, цитата, примечание/постраничная сноска, библиография (список литературы по теме), изложение (краткий пересказ), примечание/концевая сноска, ссылка/сноска/источник |
| a)source used for a paper which usually has the author’s last name in parenthesis b)assign to a source c)something reproduced word for word d)list of sources (books, journals etc) mentioned/cited in your paper e)list of sources used in your research but not actually quoted in your work f)somebody's ideas put in your own words g)citation. Can be of two kinds: footnotes (notes at the end of the page) or endnotes (a note on a separate page at the end of the paper) |
referenceEx. 2. For each example choose the best terminological definition from the exercise above.
| 3,2 | A | “To be or not to be” (Shakespeare) |
| B | Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan, 1969. Adair, J. Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books, 1988. | |
| C | Onegin rejects Tatiana when she is free to be his, and only decides he wants her when she is already married (Pushkin, Eugene Onegin). | |
| D | Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan, 1969. P. 54-56. | |
| E | [1] Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying. P. 45–60. | |
| F | According to Barthe, ideology is a subject for scrutiny through its cultural manifestations. |
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READING
MA Dissertation Guidelines [59]
An essential part of the MA degree is a research, writing and presentation of a dissertation. A student cannot complete the degree without submitting an acceptable dissertation. The MA dissertation is based on independent research of a problem, issue, or subject, using appropriate primary and secondary sources. It must be an original piece of work, and it must be structured and presented in accordance with the regulations for the degree and within the normal standards which include style, argument, citation of sources, and bibliography.
Choosing a topic and working with the Dissertation Supervisor
Essentially, the student chooses his or her dissertation topic, in consultation with a supervisor, and subject to the approval of the Course Director. The student is responsible for coming up with a viable project. This is both a challenge and an opportunity. The dissertation is essentially problem-based: generally, it will take the form of a structured argument leading to a convincing conclusion. It may seek to solve a problem or answer a question; it may look at an old problem in a new way, evaluate the evidence for a particular viewpoint, or use a case-study to illuminate or contest a larger generalisation. It will not be purely descriptive or narrative. The argument will be based on original research, using primary sources - manuscripts, printed editions of original sources, printed texts or documents, published reports, newspapers, or oral history. It must take account of the historiography of the subject, and seek to make an original contribution to it.
A dissertation requires a lot of planning and organisation. You are strongly encouraged to start thinking about your dissertation topic as early as possible once you start the MA degree programme. When you have an idea, do some background reading on the topic first before you talk to a potential supervisor, in order to familiarise yourself with the historiography. Since the supervisor is appointed, he/ she ensures that your dissertation topic is appropriate in terms of scope and objective of the MA dissertation. In addition, the supervisor offers guidance on the overall structure of the dissertation, as well as directing you to appropriate primary and secondary sources. It is important to maintain constant contact with your supervisor throughout the degree.
Research and writing
All MA dissertations require you to read widely and draw on both primary and secondary sources. A very wide range of material is now available electronically, from library and archive catalogues, to bibliographies, on-line journals and abstracts of papers. Some sources are also now available on line. In order to avoid the last-minute problem of chasing up references, you should get into the habit from the beginning of taking meticulous references for all materials gathered and read. Your dissertation needs to be well footnoted. Please pay particular attention to details such as using the correct format for footnotes and bibliography.
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The MA dissertation word limit is 15,000 words, +/-10%. The word-limit is exclusive of bibliography and documentary appendices, and footnotes or endnotes which are merely citations or references. The final bound copyof the dissertation must include the following:
1. Title page.
2. Abstract.
3. Table of contents.
4. List of abbreviations, if used
5.Introduction.
6. The main body of the dissertation. It will usually be convenient to divide it into sections and sub sections, with numbers or titles.
7. Conclusion.
8. Endnotes (if you are not including references as footnotes).
9. Appendices, if any.
10. Bibliography.
11. Plagiarism statement page: you must submit a signed copy of the plagiarism declaration.
YOU ARE ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING SURE THAT YOUR DISSERTATION IS COMPLETED AND SUBMITTED BEFORE THE DEADLINE, AS WELL AS THAT IT COMPLIES WITH ALL THE PRESENTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS.
Plagiarism
All work submitted by a student as part of the requirements for any degree or examination must be expressed in the student's own words and must incorporate his or her own ideas and judgements. Plagiarism—the presentation of another person's thoughts or words as one's own—must be avoided. Direct quotations from the published or unpublished work of others must always be clearly identified as such by being placed inside quotation marks, and a full reference to their source must be provided in the proper form. Remember that a series of short quotations from several different sources, if not clearly identified as such, constitutes plagiarism just as much as does a single unacknowledged long quotation from a single source. Equally, if you summarise another person's ideas or judgements, you must refer to that person in your text, and include the work referred to in. If you are in any doubt about what is permissible, consult your tutor. Recourse to the services of ‘ghost-writing’ agencies is strictly forbidden, and students who make use of the services of such agencies render themselves liable for an academic penalty.
Simply put, plagiarism is a form of fraud. That is why the University takes it extremely seriously. Even if it was unintentional, plagiarism may, if detected, lead at the very least to a mark of zero on the assessed work and at most to suspension from all further study in the University.
How can you avoid plagiarism?
1. Always attribute quoted words. It does not matter if the quote is long or short, every quoted passage taken directly from the work of another should be clearly marked as such by the use of quotation marks. The full reference, including page number, should be given for each quotation, either in a footnote or endnote.
2. Always give full references for paraphrases of others' ideas or judgments. Simply rewriting a passage in your own words does not avoid plagiarism. Paraphrases or summaries of the ideas or judgements of others should be referenced fully.
3. Give references to support purely factual claims where necessary. Plagiarism is mainly about the appropriation of others' ideas and judgements. Factual references are less sensitive. You certainly do not need to include references for facts that are well established (the date of the battle of Waterloo, for example). However, where the facts are less well known and some other investigator has persuasively established some claim of fact, you should acknowledge this in your references, as a well as the sources for any quantitative data you might use.
4. Include a reference to any source used in a paragraph in that paragraph. One way to find yourself sailing rather too close to the wind is to include a single reference at the end of a long passage of more than one paragraph that gives the source for the entire passage. This can give the reader the impression that the reference refers only to the last paragraph or so, rather than the whole passage. If for some reason you wish to avoid repeating references to the same source, then include a statement or footnote early on indicating that the discussion that follows is drawn from such-and-such a source. For example: “Except where indicated otherwise, the account of overseas trade set out in this section is drawn from Davis, English overseas trade, pp. 35-42”.
5. Remember that a full bibliography is necessary. You should be at pains to include every source on which you have relied in your bibliography.
Ultimately, the golden rule should be: when in doubt, give the reference. This not only protects you from unintended plagiarism, it is also good manners: credit should be given to sources where and when they are used. That is why it is not unusual to find academic articles of 10,000 words or so that have anywhere from 50 to 150 references. Students sometimes worry that giving full references throughout will make it appear as though their papers are just compilations of other people's views. However, even if there are 100-odd references in a medium-length article, the author's own contribution to the discussion should be clear to the reader. If it is not, then the paper is probably not a very strong one. This means that thorough referencing will provide a good check on the substance of your dissertations: if the finished product looks like nothing more than a cut-and-paste job full of others' ideas and data, it probably needs to be rewritten.
Note that you are required to submit a signed statement that you understand what plagiarism is, and have not committed it, and that you agree to make available an electronic copy of your essay for testing by the JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee) plagiarism detection service.
