VII. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно

Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply

There is a relationship between demand and price. How much demand for a commodity is affected by a change in price is called elasticity of demand. If a small change of price results in a large change in demand - the demand is called elastic. If the demand changes only a little - it is called inelastic. The price elasticity of supply shows the percentage change in quantity supplied resulting from 1 percent change in price.

As an increase in quantity supplied is normally a result of a rise in price, the coefficient is usually positive. We have a “0” (zero) elasticity when a price change results in no quantity supplied change. This is called a perfectly inelastic supply. Provided the elasticities vary between zero and one the supply is called inelastic. With coefficients greater than one the supply is called elastic. The percentage change in quantity is larger than the corresponding percentage change in price.

Agricultural supply is mostly inelastic because of the high proportion of such inputs as land, buildings and machinery. The elasticities of agricultural commodities (potatoes, wheat, fruits, eggs, milk) vary greatly because of increasing specialization of production of farm animal products, in particular, elasticities for such commodities as pigs or broilers have decreased in recent years.

VIII. Задайте к тексту 3 специальных вопроса, 3 общих вопроса, 3 альтернативных вопроса и 3 разделительных вопроса.

IX. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1.Which demand is called elastic?

2. In what units is elasticity of supply shown?

3. Why is price elasticity of demand coefficient negative and the corresponding coefficient for supply positive?

4. What supply is called inelastic?

5. What is the difference between the inelastic and the perfectly inelastic supply?

6. Why is agricultural supply usually inelastic?

7. What is the tendency of agricultural supply development?

X. Составьте рассказ о себе, обращая внимание на следующие вопросы.

1. What is your name?

2. How old are you?

3. What are you? What is your profession?

4. Do you like your job or not? Why?

5. Is your office at the centre of the city?

6. What are your hobbies or special interests?

 

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Вариант 1

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2. Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

3. Основные формы глагола (правильные, неправильные).

4. Употребление much/many, few/little.

I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

1. People mustn’t ______ lessons of history.
a) forget  b) to forget

2. Peter and Mike ______ work overtime this month.
a) have to b) has to

3. She ______ look after her little sister.
a) has to    b) have to     c) haves to

4. My father ______ promotion next month.
a) mights get     b) might gets        c) might get

5. The children ______ go to bed in time.
a) is to     b) are to

6. They ______ finish the work tomorrow.
a) don’t may     b) don’t may to    c) may not   d) may not to

7. So, what ______ come out of this?
a) will may          b) may

8. We’ve got plenty of time. We _____ hurry.
a) need not   b) cannot       c) must not

9. That’s a secret. You ___ tell anybody about it.
a) may not    b) need not      c) cannot

 10. I can go on my own. You _____ come with me.
a) may not     b) cannot      c) need not

II. Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

1. Be quite, please. I (to try) to write a report.

2. Listen to those people. What language they (to speak)?

3. We (to hold) negotiations, when the secretary brought coffee.

4. The company (to launch) new product during all last month.

5. Don’t come to my place tomorrow. I (to write) a report.

6. During the course you (to learn) about market research strategies.

III. Образуйте форму прошедшего времени в следующих глаголах.

To be, to keep, to hold, to fill, to develop, to find, to keep, to translate, to work, to hear, to discuss, to load, to launch.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. We shall be meeting our partners tomorrow at 4 p. m.

2. The company will be developing a new product all the next month.

3. Nowadays cars are getting more and more expensive.

4. Mr. Brown is trying to find new clients.

5. While she was working as a model she met her future husband.

6. I was driving to London when I saw a house without roof.

V. Заполните пропуски словами much/many, few/little.

1. When we walked _____ farther down the road, we met another group of students.

2. At the conference we met _____ people whom we know well.

3. There are very _____ old houses left in our street. Most of them have already been pulled down.

4. If you have _____ spare time, look through this contract.

5. There are _____ things here which I cannot understand.

6. Robert wrote so _____ letters that he’s never going to write a letter again.

 

VI. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно.

Theory of Demand

Consumer demand is the quantities of a particular good that an individual consumer wants and is able to buy as the price varies, if all other factors influencing demand are constant.

That is, consumer demand is the relationship between the quantity demanded for the good and its price. The factors assumed constant are prices of other goods, consumer income, and a number of noneconomic factors, such as social, physiological, demographic characteristics of the consumer in question (о котором идет речь).

The theory of demand is based on the assumption that the consumer having budget constraint seeks to reach the maximum possible level of utility, that is, to maximize utility, but he usually prefers to obtain more rather than less. The consumer has to solve the problem of choice. Provided he is to maintain a given level of utility, the increase in the quantity of one good must be followed by regulations in the quantity of the other good. The consumer has to choose the specific goods within the limits imposed by his budget.

Market demand is the quantities of a good that all consumers in a particular market want and are able to buy as price varies and as all other factors are assumed constant. Market demand depends not only on the factors affecting individual demands, but also on the number of consumers in the market. The law of demand also works with market demand.