VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. What is the consumer demand?

2. What factors influencing consumer demand are assumed constant?

3. What is the principal assumption of the demand theory?

4. Which choice does the consumer have to make?

5. What is market demand?

6. In what way does market demand differ from individual demand?

VIII. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей.

1. Increase in the utility of one good can compensate	a. the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.
2. Equilibrium price is the price at which	b. to restrict import expenditure.
3. the marginal utility of a good is the increase in	c. that is, industry based on agricultural products.
4. There are different ways	d. an absolute fall of demand for inferior goods.
5. Over 60% of the capital of all US firms is in agriculture	e. is still higher than in Japan.
6. Higher expenditure on foreign goods rather than on the goods produced at home	f. the utility obtained by consuming one more unit of that good.
7. Rising incomes result in	g. the reduction of utility of another good.
8. Per capita (на душу населения) income in the United States	h. will increase demand for foreign goods.

 

IX. Выпишите все коммерческие и экономические термины, которые встречались в тексте и переведите их на русский язык.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Вариант 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

2. Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

3. Основные формы глагола (правильные, неправильные).

4. Употребление much/many, few/little.

I. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

1. I’m sorry, I ______ join you on Wednesday.

a) cannot  b) cannot to   c) don’t can to d) don’t can

2. He ______ pass the exam.

a) didn’t can  b) could not    c) could not to

3. I ______ to go hiking with you.

a) will be able    b) will can

4. This man ______ more than he says.
a) mays know       b) may know         c) may knows

5. ______ I say a few words?
a) may          b) might

6. He forgot that the police ______ discover the truth.
a) may      b) might        c) would may

7. Tom has broken his leg. He _______ walk a lot. It is not good for him.

a) need not        b) cannot         c) may not

8. You _______ lend me your umbrella. I love walking in the rain.

a) may       b) must          c) need

9. He ______ see me in this situation.
a) doesn’t must   b) must not

10. The company ________ postpone the loading because of some problems with transport.

a) must    b) has to     c) can

II. Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future).

1. I am tired. I (to go) to bed now. Good night!

2. Please don’t make so much noise. I (to work).

3. A funny thing (to happen) to me when I was sitting in a traffic jam.

4. This time last year I (to live) in India.

5. In a few years’ time more people (to use) plastic money.

6. The agreement (to expire) on the 30th of December.

III. Образуйте форму прошедшего времени в следующих глаголах.

To decide, to notice, to get, to read, to run, to sign, to agree, to buy, to bring, to see, to finish, to drink, to show.

IV. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. He is attending the lecture of economics now.

2. Planets are going round the sun.

3. We were working on a new project all the day yesterday.

4. Sam Brown was working with clients, when the boss came to the office.

5. We shall be still working here in ten years’ time.

6. At ten o’clock tomorrow he will be working at his report.

V. Заполните пропуски словами much/many, few/little.

1. _____ of her advice was useful.

2. She wrote us _____letters from London.

3. Would you like _____ salad? – Yes, thank you. My doctor says it’s good for my health.

4. Our secretary knows German _____ and she can help you with the translation of this letter.

5. The hall was almost empty: there was very _____ people in it.

 

VI. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно.

Theory of Supply

The theory of supply is the theory of how much output firms choose to produce. The principal assumption of the supply theory is that the producer will maintain the level of output at which he maximizes his profit.

Profit can be defined in terms of revenue and cost. Revenue is what the firm earns by selling goods or services in a given period such as a year. Costs are the expenses which are necessary for producing and selling goods or services during the period. Profit is the revenue from selling the output minus the costs of inputs used.

Costs should include opportunity costs of all resources used in production. Opportunity cost of commodity is the amount obtained by an input in its best alternative use (best use elsewhere). In particular, costs include the owner’s time and effort in running a business. Costs also include the opportunity cost of the financial capital used in the firm.

Aiming to get higher profits, firms obtain each output level as cheaply as possible. Firms choose the optimal output level to receive the highest profits.

Making economic forecasts, it is necessary to know the effect of a price change on the whole output rather than the supply of individual firms.

Market supply is defined in terms of the alternative quantities of a commodity all firms in a particular market offer as price varies and as all other factors are assumed constant.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the principal assumption of the supply theory?

2. What is the difference between profit and revenue?

3. What is included in cost of production?

4. How do firms get maximum profits?

5. What is market supply? What is market supply important for?