2020-10-10
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Washington is the capital of the United States of America. The city is on the left bank of the Potomac River. Washington, D.C. does not belong to a state. It’s a city and district – the District of Colambia (D.C.).The city was named after the first President George Washington. The population of the city is nearly three million people.
There are many libraries, museums, art galleries in the city, for example, you can see The National Gallery of Art, It was opened in 1941. It has a lot of art collections by the great masters from the 14th to the 19th centuries. It is one of the finest picture galleries in America. The NASA; Museum is devoted to the US achievements in the exploration of space.
The Capitol is the centre of the city. It was made of stone and marble and contains 540 rooms. It is situated on Capitol Hill. Capitol Hill is the highest place in the city. There is a law that forbids to build houses higher than the Capitol. The Capitol is the seat of Congress.
Congress consists of two Chambers: The Senate and the House of Representatives. From the Capitol to the White House runs Pennsylvania Avenue used for all processions and parades. The White House is the place where the President of the USA lives and works. It is the official residence the USA presidents.
This house was first occupied in 1800. George Washington died in 1799 and he did not live in that House. John Adams was the first President who lived in that House.
The White House has 132 rooms.
There are a lot of sights in Washington. It is difficult to find a park or a square without a monument or a memorial. The Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument are the most famous and nice ones.
The Lincoln memorial was dedicated on Memorial Day - May 30, 1922. It has 36 columns. Each column represents the state in the Union at the time of Lincoln's death.
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The Washington Monument is one of the city's most impressive sights. It is situated in Potonic Park. It was erected to the memory of the first President of the USA in 1888. It is called "The Pencil", because it is one of the tallest stone constructions in the world and the tallest stone structure in the USA. There is the Pentagon in Washington. It is a building-and it was built between 1941— 1943. Now it is the US military centre. A lot of people work there.
Washington is a city almost without industry.
Words and word combinations:
devote – посвящать;
achievement – достижение;
erect – устанавливать, воздвигать, сооружать;
marble – мрамор;
bank – берег реки;
forbid – запрещать;
to contain – включать;
exploration – исследование;
sights – достопримечательности;
to belong – принадлежать.
ASSIGMENT
1. Phonetic difficulties. Practise the following:
“I’m sure they’ll enjoy the tour.”
“Sure, especially if the weather is fair.”
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the capital of the USA?
2. Where is Washington situated?
3. Who was the first President of the USA?
4. What kind of interesting places are there in the city?
5. When was the National Gallery of Art opened?
6. What is the Capitol?
7. Where is the Capitol?
8. What do you know about the White House in Washington?
9. Did George Washington live in the White House?
10. Name the most famous monuments in the city.
11. The Pentagon is a military centre, isn't it?
12. Is there any industry in Washington?
Retell the text.
Read the dialogue and learn it by heart.
- Hi, Max! Where have you been? I haven’t seen you for ages.
- I went to the United States of America.
- To America? Great! Some people are luckier than others. Did you like it there?
- Yes, it was wonderful. Our group visited several big cities in the US.
- Were you in Washington?
- It goes without saying. The most interesting was Washington, D.C.
-What did you like there?
- There are a lot of sights in Washington.
The tallest and the most famous building in America is Capitol.
There are many museums, monuments, galleries, theatres and other. Come to my place and I’ll show you some photos and an interesting film.
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-With great pleasure.
5. Make the right choice:
1.What oceans wash this country?
a) the Pacific and the Atlantic ocean
b) the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean
c) the Pacific and the Indian Ocean
2. What is the longest river in the USA?
a) the Colorado
b) the Mississipi
c) the Saint Lawrence
3. What form of governments has the United States of America?
a) presidential republic
b) federal republic
c) parlimentary monarchy
4. A pumpkin is the symbol of which holiday?
a) Christmas
b) Thanksgiving Day
c) Halloween
5.Who was the first American President?
a) Bill Clinton
b) George Washington
c) Abraham Lincoln
6. What is the largest state in the USA?
a) Florida
b) Alaska
c) Texas
7. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day?
a) December 25
b) February 14
c) July 4
8. The American flag has:
a) thiteen stripes
b) thirty stripes
c) fifty stripes
9. The White House is the residence of the…
a) government
b) American President
c) national museum
10. The American flag is often called…
a) the White Eagle
b) Union Jack
c) the Stars and the Stripes
LESSON 10.
TEXT The Environment
Think globally,
Act locally!!!
Ecology is a science about nature and about relations of man with it.
Practically, it is a science studying whether we, human beings, keep our common house, our planet Earth, in a good state and how we use the gifts it is giving us: water, air, land, plants, animals, and minerals.
Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet with its environment.
They are polluted with all kinds of technological, agricultural, chemical, nuclear and other wastes. When air, land, or water becomes dirty, we say it is polluted.
We know that polluted air, land, and water are harmful to plants, animals, and people.
Air pollution, smog, water pollution, destruction of natural resources.
The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere protects the world from the sun's harmful rays. The chemical used widely in aerosol cans, refrigerators, and other products are destroying this precious layer.
If you throw a glass bottle on the ground it will litter the Earth forever. Never throw glass bottles on the ground. You damage the land.
Aluminium cans and plastic bottles last up to 500 years.
If you throw an aluminium can on the ground, it will still litter the Earth up to 500 years later.
Tin cans last 100 years.
We must not throw litter on the ground. We must always throw garbage in the garbage can. Litter is not only ugly, but it can be harmful to wild life. Small animals can get hurt on sharps cans or broken bottles.
Many people like to pick up wild flowers. But the problem is that they may all disappear.
Turn off the lights when you leave the room and turn off lights in the room that you really don't need. Turn off the TV or the stereo when you are not watching or listening The electric power station burn coal to produce the energy that keeps your light on- That burning coal gives off gases that came the greenhouse effect and acid rain.
Yes, we shoud always turn off taps when we don't need water any more.
Most paper thrown away in the office just has printing on one side.
We can ask our parents to bring home some of this paper so you can use the blank side for drawing or writing.
Old newspapers should be reused because making newspaper from "old" paper requires less energy than making paper from trees.
Besides it takes 500.000 trees just to make the newspaper we reach every Monday.
Words and word combinations:
acid rains – кислотные дожди;
beneficial – полезный;
blank – чистый, пустой;
efficient – эффективный;
environment – окружающая среда;
environment protection – защита окружающей среды;
garbage – отбросы;
greenhouse effect – «парниковый эффект»;
litter – мусор;
nuclear waste – ядерные отходы;
on the brink of extinction – на грани исчезновения;
pollution – загрязнение;
species – вид, ряд;
layer – слой;
destruction – разрушение, уничтожение;
precious – драгоценный;
to destroy – разрушать;
to damage – повреждать;
to hurt (hurt, hurt) – болеть, причинять боль;
to require – требовать;
rubbish – мусор, бытовые отходы;
extinct – вымерший;
nuclear – ядерный.
ASSIGNMENT
2. 1. Pronounce the following words and word combinations:
Ecology, science, Earth, human beings, environment, technological, chemical, nuclear, dirty, pollute, atmosphere, harmful, garbage, aluminium can, damage, litter,wastes.
2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
Не должны выбрасывать мусор; наука о природе; отношения между всеми формами жизни; химические отходы; озоновый слой; уничтожение природных богатств; наш общий дом; алюминевые банки и пластиковые бутылки; дикие цветы; электростанция; сжигание угля; выделяет газы; выключайте свет.
3. 3. Translate the following sentences:
1. Ecological problems are global problems of the twentieth century.
2. Forests control the world’s weather.
3. Plants produce much of the oxygen in the air, which people need for breathing.
4. Wild plants can help to produce some medicines to cure dangerous diseases.
5. A lot of species of plants and animals are disappering fast and can become extinct very soon.
6. Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.
