2020-10-10
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1. What are two types of online distribution channels in the tourism market?
2. What do you need to get good results and generate tourism business?
3. What are techniques for increasing the brand image of the company?
Ex. 2.17. Study the following comments on Academic Writing.
The discussion, argument, or comment in the development of the topic may be very straightforward, in which case ideas will be added together one after the other. The basic connective and is used here. There are also a number of connectives with a similar or related meaning to and (therefore, as a result, accordingly, consequently, thus, hence).
Sometimes the comments may be expressed in another way, or an alternative proposal may be made. This is represented by the basic connective or. There are also a number of connectives with a similar or related meaning to or (in other words, to put it more simply, it would be better to say). After the alternative has been considered, the main argument will continue.
There are also occasions in arguments, etc., when the opposite is considered or referred to. This is represented by the basic connective but. There are also a number of other connectives with a similar or related meaning to but (however, nevertheless, yet, in spite of that, all the same). After the opposite or opposing view has been considered, the main argument is continued.
(From: Jordan, R. R. (1999). Academic writing course: Study skills in English (3rd ed.). Harlow, MA: Pearson Education. P.11-14)
Ex. 2.18. Use a suitable connective (as a result, but (2), consequently, conversely, hence, however, or, therefore, thus) to connect the following pairs of sentences or clauses.
1) A. A distribution channel is the path or route decided by the company to deliver its good or service to the customers. The route can be as short as a direct interaction between the company and the customer or can include several interconnected intermediaries like wholesalers, distributors, retailers, etc.
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B._____, a distribution channel can also be referred to as a set of interdependent intermediaries that help make a product available to the end customer.
2) A. Unlike tangible goods, services can’t be stored.
B. _____ this doesn’t mean that all the services are always delivered using the direct channels.
3) A. Now the distribution of the products can be done by the organization itself which is direct distribution.
B. _____ it can hire intermediaries and form indirect distribution channels.
4) A. Since marketing focuses on the activities and behaviors necessary for exchange to occur, channels should be thought of as exchange facilitators.
B. _____, any connection between individuals and/or organizations that allows or contributes to the occurrence of an exchange is a marketing channel.
5) A. Marketing channels always emerge out of a demand that marketplace needs be better served.
B. _____, markets and their needs never stop changing;
C. _____, marketing channels operate in a state of continuous change and must constantly adapt to confront those changes.
6) A. The opportunity to acquire smaller lots means smaller capital outflows are necessary at a single time.
B. _____, pharmaceutical distributors must continuously break bulk to satisfy the retailer’s lot size requirements.
7) A. Since intermediaries function as bridges linking sellers to buyers, they can become much closer to both producers and users than producers and users are to each other.
B. _____, the intermediary is in the best position to understand each of their needs and reduce sellers’ uncertainty by carefully reconciling what is available with what is needed.
8) A. The ranks of intermediaries must increase, while the roles they play become more complex.
B. _____, the number of intermediaries generally declines as need uncertainty decreases.
9) A. In the 1990s Table Toys, Inc., a small Texas-based toymaker, rose to compete with market giants in the $17 billion toy industry.
B. _____ it wasn’t easy.
10) A. _____ their creativity,
B. the Buskes found it difficult to get their product on retail store shelves.
Ex. 2.19. Read the text below and write an essay on the distribution system in a Russian industry (according to your choice).
US Beer Industry
The US has a three-tier beer distribution system, which consists of brewers, distributors and retailers. Over 3,000 beer distributors, with over 130,000 employees, manage the multibillion-dollar business of delivering brew to retailers. From Anaheim (California) to Zanesville (Ohio), these wholesale distributors make sure that beer flows from brewers to a variety of retail outlets ranging from neighborhood taverns to local convenience stores. In the US, the basic system is that brewers must sell to distributors, distributors sell to retail outlets and only retail outlets can sell beer to consumers.
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(From: Pelton, L.E., Strutton, D., Lumpkin, J.R. (2016). Marketing Channels. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University. P.1/2)
Ex. 2.20. Translate the following sentences, paying special attention to emphatic connectives.
1) Karl Marks’ and Adam Smith’s theories might be compared even if they were not historically related.
2) The books written by a famous economist Porter are quite popular even if one is in disagreement with his views.
3) Even though this issue has been broadly discussed there hasn't been a unanimous conclusion.
4) Modern scientists have no explanation of this phenomenon, however, they hope to find some.
5) In detail, however, we shall see that the budget figures are not so balanced.
6) However, this is what cannot be taken for granted.
7) Before looking at this matter, however, it is worth collecting all possible data.
8) His book has a variety of virtues; I do, however, have certain criticisms.
9) This approach is the most vulnerable; nevertheless it is rather informative and convincing.
10)There is no clear way of testing these products, nonetheless, the company technologists are trying to find one.
11)The situation in the market is vague, it is nonetheless clear that positive tendencies are vivid.
12) Whatever the outcome of the research might be they hope to double the output.
13)The results of the experiment should be at hand whenever necessary.
