III. Read the text and do the tasks following it

Education in Great Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are many children who attend a nursery school from the age of 3, but it is not compulsory.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old). In infant schools children mostly play and learn through playing. It is the time when they get acquainted with the classroom, the blackboard, desks and the teacher. But when pupils are 7, real studying begins. Now they have classes, when they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training. Religious education is also provided. English, Mathematics and Science are called “core” subjects. At the age of 7, 11 and 14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

There are 3 types of state secondary schools in Great Britain. They are:

1) comprehensive schools, which take pupils of all abilities without exams. In such schools pupils are often put into certain sets or groups, which are formed according to their abilities for technical or humanitarian subjects. Almost all senior pupils go there;

2) grammar schools, which give secondary education of a very high standard. Entrance is based on the test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single sexed schools;

3) modern schools, which don't prepare pupils for universities. Education in such schools gives good prospects for practical jobs.

After five years of secondary education pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination. When they are in the third or in the forth form, they begin to choose their exam subjects and prepare for them.

After finishing the fifth form pupils can make their choice: they may either leave school and go to a Further Education College or continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for “A” (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to get a place at one of British universities.

There are also about 500 private schools in Great Britain. Most of these schools are boarding ones, where children live as well as study. Education in such schools is very expensive, that's why only 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend them. Private schools are also called preparatory (for children up to 13 years old) and public schools (for pupils from 13 to 18 years old). Any pupil can enter the best university of the country after leaving this school.

After leaving secondary school young people can apply to a university, a polytechnic or a college of further education. Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview.

After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).

IV. Comprehension Check.

Match the words with their meanings.

1. compulsory                       a. начальная школа

2. ability                      b. обязательный

3. nursery school         c. привилегированная частная школа

4. infant school            d. общеобразовательный

5. junior school            e. интернат, пансион

6. core subject              f. младшая школа

7. comprehensive         g. детский сад

8. boarding school       h. способность

9. public school           i. основной предмет

Answer the questions.

1. When do British boys and girls begin to go to school?

2. What subjects do they study at school?

3. How long does secondary education last?

4. What subjects are called “core” subjects?

5. At what age do children have their exams?

6. What's the difference between modern and grammar schools?

7. What are private schools?

Make a plan to the text.

V. Discuss the following with your groupmates.

Would you like to study in Britain? Why? Compare British and our education.

The United States of America

I. First thoughts. What English-speaking countries do you know?

II. Study the words. Make sure you know them. Practice the pronunciation.

Outlying areas, aircraft, Appalachian, Great Lakes, Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Cordillera, climate conditions, District of Columbia, frontier, House of Representatives, influence, leading, legislative power, lowlands, military, peak, Senate, stars and stripes, Supreme Court, to be located, to be made up from, to border, to pass, to represent.