Exercise 1. Find in the text above the English equivalents of the follow- ing word combinations

Exercise 1. Find in the text above the English equivalents of the follow- ing word combinations

1. значительное расстояние; 2. производственный процесс; 3. вал генератора; 4. гидроэлектростанция большой емкости; 5. влиять на мощность; 6. суточный приток воды; 7. потребители электроэнергии;

8. ротор турбины.

 

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer

1. Hydroelectric power plants are

built on …

2. Large-capacity power plants are

located …

 

 

3. The production process at hy-

droelectric power plants is …

a) rivers

b) waterfalls

a) at a short distance from consumers of power

b) at a considerable distance from power consumers

a) very complex

b) rather simple

4. The power capacity of a plant … a) remains constant

b) changes depending on the differ- ence in the water level

5. The daily inflow of water fluctu-

ates according to …

a) the consumption

b) the season

6. The production process …        a) depends on the construction of a

plant

b) is the same at power plants of dif- ferent constructions

 

Unit 3. Atomic power plant

Vocabulary

attending personnel              обслуживающий персонал

to deliver                              поставлять; доставлять

dust                                       пыль

to feed                                  подавать; подводить

heat exchanger                     теплообменник

to include                             включать в себя

to install                               устанавливать

to pollute                              загрязнять

to shield                                защищать

tube                                       труба

 

Text

Atomic power plants are modern installations. They consist of sever-

al main units and a great number of auxiliary ones.

In a nuclear reactor uranium is utilized as fuel. During operation pro- cess powerful heat and radioactive radiation are produced. The nuclear re- actor is cooled by water circulation. Cooling water circulates through a system of tubes, in which the water is heated to a temperature of 250- 300°C. In order to prevent boiling of water, it passes into the reactor at a pressure up to 150 atmospheres.

A steam generator includes a series of heat exchangers comprising tubes. The water heated in the reactor is delivered into the heat exchanger tubes. The water to be converted into steam flows outside these tubes. The steam produced is fed into the turbogenerator.

Besides, an atomic power plant comprises a common turbogenerator, a steam condenser with circulating water and a switchboard.

Atomic power plants have both advantages and disadvantages. The reactors and steam generators operate in them noiselessly; the atmosphere is not polluted with dust and smoke. As to the fuel consumption, it is of no special importance and there is no problem of fuel transportation.

The disadvantage of power plants utilizing nuclear fuel is their radia- tion. Radioactive radiation produced in the reactors is dangerous for at- tending personnel. Therefore, the reactors and steam generators are in- stalled underground. They are also shielded by thick (up to 1.5 m) concrete walls. All their controls are operated by means of automatic devices. These measures serve to protect people from radioactive radiation.