2014-02-12
3542
The stylistics is directly connected with communicative aspect of language. Deals with issues of use, the use, language function in different situations of communication, in different texts, in the speech (the speech language use).
Sources of stylistics are in antique rhetoric, in treatises on eloquence.
As the separate linguistic discipline stylistics was created at the end of the 20th century especially in our country (Vinogradov, Vinokur). Traditionally there were some directions and specialties:
- STYLISTICS OF RESOURCES (PRACTICAL)
Object of research is stylistic opportunities of language means of different levels (phonetic, word-formation, morphological, syntactic), representational (изобразительный) and expressive and functional potential. The practical stylistics of Russian assumes consideration of opportunity and impossibility of the use of language means according to language norm. It is allocated not with all linguists, it is engaged in the standard of speech.
- FUNCTIONAL STYLISTICS
use of language means in connection with the purposes, aim, a communication situation. Subject is functional styles: official, publicistic, colloquial, scientific, i.e. is engaged in functional and stylistic fixedness of language means
- STYLISTICS OF ARTISTIC SPEECH
founder Vinogradov. It is discipline of philological character, considers the fiction or belles-letters text as figurative and speech whole, only connection of the linguistic and literary analysis gives the chance to mark out features
- TEXT STYLISTICS
- STYLISTICS HISTORY
Basic concepts of stylistics:
Style:
- it is special selection and the organization of means of the language, caused by the communication sphere
- it is a certain set of methods of use of language means, characteristic for any writer, work, a genre
|
|
|
- it is a certain selection and the organization of the language means, serving for creation of emotional and expressional coloring of the statement (the high style, the low style)
- it is selection and the organization of language means according to language and stylistic norm
Norm:
- the language
- the stylistic
They are interconnected, but aren't identical. These are model or sample directions of use of words, forms of words, phrases and the sentences preferred by well-educated part of society and fixed in standard grammars, dictionaries, reference books.
Rate of the use doesn't testify to norm, frequency can be also a mistake.
Language norms – norms of the literary language.
The literary language – historically developed the highest exemplary forms of the national language, differing richness of the lexical structure, the ordered grammatical structure and the developed system of styles.
Language norms differ variability, dynamism, but at the same time are characterized by stability, for each stage of development of the literary language the norms are characteristic. Process of fixing of norms is called as codification.
They are distinguished:
Orthoepic (norms of a pronunciation)
- emphasis logicaly (norms of statement of an accent)
- lexical (norms of word usage)
- morphological (norms of the use and formation of morphological forms)
- the syntactic.
The stylistic norm is a norm of a choice and the organization of language units in the text of a certain style; and norm of a choice of the style corresponding to conditions of communication
Stylistic coloring
- these are additional connotative means which are included into lexical meaning besides its subject and conceptual kernel
- it is functional and stylistic consolidation of the word (the stylistic marking is connected by restriction using of this word)
