UNIT 1
SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
SECTION I
Language Focus
Read the dictionary definitions of “science” and “technology” given below.
Science – 1) the study of the physical world and its manifestations, especially by using systematic observation and experiment. 2)a branch of science of a particular area of study. E.G. the life sciences
Technology – 1) the study, development, and application of devices, machines, and techniques for manufacturing and productive processes. E.G. recent developments in seismographic technology… 2) a method or methodology that applies technical knowledge or tools. E.G. a new technology for accelerating incubation…
Now look at the following list. In your groups, decide which you would include under science and which under technology and why.
biology | machinery | ||
chemistry | mathematics | ||
electronics | mechanics | ||
geography | physics | ||
hydraulics | sociology |
Find the word that does not belong in each horizontal group.
a | arithmetic | algebra | genetics | geometry | trigonometry |
b | geography | psychology | economics | sociology | anthropology |
c | geology | meteorology | mineralogy | geophysics | statistics |
d | mechanics | thermodynamics | astrophysics | law | cosmology |
e | physiology | astronomy | botany | zoology | anatomy |
Match the following definitions to the groups of four words that you identified above.
a | The mathematical sciences - investigating the relationships between things that can be measured or quantified in either a real or abstract form. |
b | The physical sciences - investigating the nature and behavior of matter and energy on a vast range of size and scale. |
c | The earth sciences - examining the structure and composition of our planet, and the physical processes that have helped to shape it. |
d | The life sciences - studying of living things:a principal branch of science concerned with plants, animals, and other living organisms. |
e | The social sciences - exploring human society past and present, and the way human beings behave. |
Make up English-Russian pairs of the words and word-combinations equivalent in meaning.
advance | a | вести научные наблюдения | |
applied science | b | достижение | |
belief | c | методический подход | |
endeavor | d | мнение, убеждение | |
instance | e | накапливать, собирать | |
systematic approach | f | отдельный пример, случай | |
systematic study | g | открывать, обнаруживать | |
to accumulate | h | получать, приобретать | |
to detect | i | попытка, старание, стремление | |
to gain | g | прикладная наука | |
to observe | k | проверять, тестировать | |
to test | l | проверять, подтверждать | |
to verify | m | систематическое изучение |
Complete the collocates below by matching an adjective from A with a noun from B. Some can combine with more than one noun.
Example: practical application, purpose, gain, use.
A | basic | B | advances | knowledge |
common | analysis | method | ||
current | application | opinion | ||
important | approach | organization | ||
industrial | belief | part | ||
international | breakthrough | prediction | ||
objective | Bureau | property | ||
personal | corporation | research | ||
physical | Council | revolution | ||
pure | forum | role | ||
scientific | idea | science | ||
systematic | instrument | society | ||
technological | investigation | theory |