Подберите русские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям из текста

1) criminal offence

2) civil wrong

3) criminal proceeding

4) civil proceeding

5) prosecution

6) defendant

7) claimant

8) criminal record

9) to pay damages

10) burden of proof

11) standard of proof

12) presumption of innocence

13) to charge smb. with a criminal offence

14) to prove the guilt “beyond reasonable doubt”

15) to prove a case “on a balance of probabilities”

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты.

1) судебный запрет

2) осудить

3) оправдать

4) признать виновным

5) пожизненное заключение

6) штраф

7) подавать в суд, предъявлять иск

8) решение в пользу истца

9) доказывать вину

10) доказывать невиновность

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. Why do you think the distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practising lawyers than the distinction between public and private law?

2. What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?

3. What happens to a defendant if he or she is found guilty?

4. What happens to a defendant if he or she is found not guilty?

5. What happens if the proceeding in a civil case results in judgement for the claimant?

6. What does the presumption of innocence mean?

7. What is the difference between “the burden of proof’ and “the standard of proof”?

8. Why is the standard of proof higher in a criminal action than in a civil one?

9. What does the principle “beyond reasonable doubt” mean?

10. What does the principle “on a balance of probabilities” mean?

Определите, справедливы данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. Civil law concerns relationships between private persons and the state.

2. A fine for a criminal offence is paid to a victim.

3. If the defendant is convicted he’ll have a criminal record.

4. The most severe punishment for criminal offences is life imprisonment.

5. In civil cases a claimant prosecutes a defendant.

6. It is the duty of the defence to prove that the defendant is innocent.

7. In a civil case a claimant must prove the guilt of a defendant “beyond reasonable doubt”.

8. A person can’t be sued and prosecuted for one and the same offence.

Дайте определения следующим понятиям из текста. Используйте выражения из рамки.

a person who, the duty, a legal principle when, the standard of proof, the degree of proof, a branch of law

Criminal law Civil law Claimant Defendant Prosecution

Burden of proof Standard of proof Presumption of innocence Proof beyond reasonable doubt Proof on a balance of probabilities